PMID- 31629172
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200302
LR  - 20200302
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 133
IP  - Pt A
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - Prenatal exposure to air pollution as a potential risk factor for autism and 
      ADHD.
PG  - 105149
LID - S0160-4120(19)30125-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105149 [doi]
AB  - Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to the development of Autism 
      Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). One 
      suggested environmental risk factor for ASD and ADHD is air pollution, but 
      knowledge of its effects, especially in low-exposure areas, are limited. Here, we 
      investigate risks for ASD and ADHD associated with prenatal exposure to air 
      pollution in an area with air pollution levels generally well below World Health 
      Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. We used an epidemiological database 
      (MAPSS) consisting of virtually all (99%) children born between 1999 and 2009 
      (48,571 births) in the study area, in southern Sweden. MAPSS consists of data on 
      modelled nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) levels derived from a Gaussian dispersion model; 
      maternal residency during pregnancy; perinatal factors collected from a regional 
      birth registry; and socio-economic factors extracted from Statistics Sweden. All 
      ASD and ADHD diagnoses in our data were undertaken at the Malmo and Lund 
      Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, using standardized diagnostic 
      instruments. We used logistic regression analyses to obtain estimates of the risk 
      of developing ASD and ADHD associated with different air pollution levels, with 
      adjustments for potential perinatal and socio-economic confounders. In this 
      longitudinal cohort study, we found associations between air pollution exposure 
      during the prenatal period and and the risk of developing ASD. For example, an 
      adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.40 and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (95% CI: 
      1.02-1.93) were found when comparing the fourth with the first quartile of NO(x) 
      exposure. We did not find similar associations on the risk of developing ADHD. 
      This study contributes to the growing evidence of a link between prenatal 
      exposure to air pollution and autism spectrum disorders, suggesting that prenatal 
      exposure even below current WHO air quality guidelines may increase the risk of 
      autism spectrum disorders.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Oudin, Anna
AU  - Oudin A
AD  - Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; Section of Sustainable Health, Department of 
      Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden.
FAU - Frondelius, Kasper
AU  - Frondelius K
AD  - Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.
FAU - Haglund, Nils
AU  - Haglund N
AD  - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund 
      University, Sweden.
FAU - Kallen, Karin
AU  - Kallen K
AD  - Centre of Reproduction Epidemiology, Tornblad Institute, Department of Clinical 
      Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.
FAU - Forsberg, Bertil
AU  - Forsberg B
AD  - Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 
      Umea University, Sweden.
FAU - Gustafsson, Peik
AU  - Gustafsson P
AD  - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund 
      University, Sweden.
FAU - Malmqvist, Ebba
AU  - Malmqvist E
AD  - Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine, Lund University, Sweden. Electronic address: ebba.malmqvist@med.lu.se.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20191016
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 0 (Nitrogen Oxides)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Air Pollution/*adverse effects
MH  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*etiology
MH  - Autism Spectrum Disorder/*etiology
MH  - Child
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - Nitric Oxide/analysis
MH  - Nitrogen Oxides/analysis
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sweden
EDAT- 2019/10/20 06:00
MHDA- 2020/03/03 06:00
CRDT- 2019/10/20 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/09/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/03/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/20 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0160-4120(19)30125-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105149 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2019 Dec;133(Pt A):105149. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105149. Epub 
      2019 Oct 16.