PMID- 31637265
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200226
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 2314-7156 (Electronic)
IS  - 2314-8861 (Print)
IS  - 2314-7156 (Linking)
VI  - 2019
DP  - 2019
TI  - Urinary NGAL and RBP Are Biomarkers of Normoalbuminuric Renal Insufficiency in 
      Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
PG  - 5063089
LID - 10.1155/2019/5063089 [doi]
LID - 5063089
AB  - OBJECTIVES: As a screening index of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), urinary 
      albumin/creatine ratio (UACR) is commonly used. However, approximately 
      23.3%-56.6% of DKD patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 
      60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) are normoalbuminuric. Thus, urinary biomarkers of 
      nonalbuminuric renal insufficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients 
      are urgently needed. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 209 T2DM 
      patients with normoalbuminuria whose diabetes duration was more than 5 years. The 
      patients were classified into two groups, NO-CKD (eGFR >/= 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), 
      n = 165) and NA-DKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), n = 44). Levels of urinary 
      neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), retinol-binding protein (RBP), 
      plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 
      (VCAM-1), and E-cadherin were detected, and their correlations with eGFR, plasma 
      TNF-alpha, IL-6, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were 
      assessed. RESULTS: Among patients with renal insufficiency, 26.0% was 
      normoalbuminuric. Compared to the NO-CKD group, the NA-DKD group was older with 
      lower hemoglobin (HB) levels and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma 
      TNF-alpha, IL-6, and 8-OHdG levels. Logistic regression analysis suggested that age, 
      TNF-alpha, and 8-OHdG were independent risk factors for nonalbuminuric renal 
      insufficiency. Compared to the NO-CKD group, the NA-DKD group exhibited 
      significant increases in urinary NGAL and RBP levels but not PAI-1, VCAM-1, and 
      E-cadherin. Urinary NGAL and RBP both correlated negatively with eGFR and 
      positively with plasma IL-6 and 8-OHdG. Multiple linear regression indicated NGAL 
      (beta = -0.287, p = 0.008) and RBP (beta = -44.545, p < 0.001) were independently 
      correlated with eGFR. CONCLUSION: Age, plasma TNF-alpha, and 8-OHdG are independent 
      risk factors for renal insufficiency in T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria. 
      Urinary NGAL and RBP can serve as noninvasive biomarkers of normoalbuminuric 
      renal insufficiency in T2DM.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Aimei Li et al.
FAU - Li, Aimei
AU  - Li A
AD  - Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China.
FAU - Yi, Bin
AU  - Yi B
AD  - Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China.
FAU - Liu, Yan
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China.
FAU - Wang, Jianwen
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China.
FAU - Dai, Qing
AU  - Dai Q
AD  - Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China.
FAU - Huang, Yuxi
AU  - Huang Y
AD  - Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China.
FAU - Li, Yan Chun
AU  - Li YC
AD  - Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of 
      Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
FAU - Zhang, Hao
AU  - Zhang H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2049-3485
AD  - Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190915
PL  - Egypt
TA  - J Immunol Res
JT  - Journal of immunology research
JID - 101627166
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Lipocalin-2)
RN  - 0 (Retinol-Binding Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Albuminuria/*metabolism
MH  - Biomarkers/*urine
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*physiopathology
MH  - Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lipocalin-2/*urine
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Renal Insufficiency/*urine
MH  - Retinol-Binding Proteins/*urine
PMC - PMC6766169
COIS- All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest, financial, or 
      otherwise.
EDAT- 2019/10/23 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/27 06:00
PMCR- 2019/09/15
CRDT- 2019/10/23 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/08/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/10/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2019/5063089 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Immunol Res. 2019 Sep 15;2019:5063089. doi: 10.1155/2019/5063089. eCollection 
      2019.