PMID- 31653470
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200416
LR  - 20200416
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1612
DP  - 2020 Feb 8
TI  - Promoted reaction microextraction for determining pesticide residues in 
      environmental water samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PG  - 460639
LID - S0021-9673(19)31061-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460639 [doi]
AB  - A microextraction technique termed promoted reaction microextraction (PRME) based 
      on a liquid-liquid microextraction was developed by applying a chemical reaction 
      for promoting the extraction of the analytes into the extracting solvent. PRME is 
      a very simple, rapid and high-performance method for extraction and 
      pre-concentration of organic compounds from water samples. In PRME, different 
      types of chemical reactions can be used. In the present work, an acid-base 
      reaction that produces a gaseous product is employed. In this method, appropriate 
      amounts of auxiliary solvent (methanol), acidic promotor (oxalic acid), and 
      extraction solvent (chloroform) were added rapidly into a water sample containing 
      a basic promotor (sodium bicarbonate). After adding the solution containing the 
      acidic promoter to the water sample containing the basic promoter, the acid-base 
      reaction started with high intensity. The reaction product consisted of salt, 
      water, and carbon dioxide gas. The produced carbon dioxide generated bubbles in 
      the reaction medium that promoted the extraction of the analytes into the 
      extracting solvent. After centrifuging, the fine particles of the extraction 
      solvent were sedimented in the bottom of the conical tube. The denes phase was 
      analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Several parameters 
      affecting the extraction of 17 target pesticides by PRME-GC/MS (i.e., a selection 
      of extraction solvent, extraction solvent volume, selection of auxiliary solvent, 
      basic promotor content, and acidic promotor content) were investigated. Under the 
      optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 
      0.035-40.0 microgL(-1) with the detection limit of 0.003-0.035 microgL(-1) for 
      pesticides. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the PRME-GC/MS method were 
      in the ranges of 2.29-4.76% (n = 3 and c = 0.30 microgL(-1)).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Biparva, Pourya
AU  - Biparva P
AD  - Departement of basic sciences, Sari agricultural sciences and natural resources 
      university, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran. Electronic address: p.biparva@sanru.ac.ir.
FAU - Gorji, Setare
AU  - Gorji S
AD  - Genetic and agricultural biotechnology institute of tabarestan, Sari university 
      of agricultural sciences and natural resources, Sari, Iran.
FAU - Hedayati, Elahe
AU  - Hedayati E
AD  - Departement of basic sciences, Sari agricultural sciences and natural resources 
      university, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191018
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Liquid Phase Microextraction/*methods
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis/isolation & purification
MH  - Solvents/chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis/isolation & purification
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
OT  - Oxalic acid
OT  - Pesticide residues
OT  - Promoted reaction microextraction
OT  - Sodium bicarbonate
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no affiliation with any 
      organization with a direct or indirect financial interest in the subject matter 
      discussed in the manuscript.
EDAT- 2019/10/28 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/17 06:00
CRDT- 2019/10/27 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/10/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/10/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/27 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0021-9673(19)31061-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460639 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2020 Feb 8;1612:460639. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460639. Epub 
      2019 Oct 18.