PMID- 31653552
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200206
LR  - 20200206
IS  - 1545-1534 (Electronic)
IS  - 1080-6032 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - Time Course of Hoist Operations by the Search and Rescue Helicopter Service in 
      Southeast Norway.
PG  - 351-361
LID - S1080-6032(19)30114-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.wem.2019.06.004 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Optimal dispatch of emergency medical services relies on accurate 
      time estimates of the various prehospital stages. Hoist rescue work time 
      intervals performed by the search and rescue (SAR) helicopter service in Norway 
      have not been studied to date. We aimed to describe the epidemiologic, 
      operational, and medical aspects of the SAR service in southeast Norway. To 
      complement the prehospital timeline, we performed simulated hoist operations. 
      METHODS: We reviewed time and patient descriptors and medical interventions in 
      hoist operations performed at a SAR base over 5 y. In addition, a simulation 
      study measuring hoist rescue time intervals was performed. Data are presented as 
      mean+/-SD, except National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) scores, which 
      are presented as modes. RESULTS: There were 148 hoist operations performed during 
      the study period, involving 180 patients. Time to take-off was 13+/-7 min. There 
      were 88 patients (49%) who were injured; 53 (29%) had a medical condition, and 39 
      (22%) were evacuees. The mode of the NACA score was 3. Forty-five patients (25%) 
      had an NACA score of 4 to 6. Medical interventions were performed on 77 patients 
      (43%) in 73 operations (49%). Nine patients (5%) were endotracheally intubated, 
      and 1 thoracostomy was performed. The simulated rescuer access time was 4+/-2 min, 
      the simulated anesthesiologist access time was 6+/-2 min, and the simulated hoist 
      extrication time was 13+/-2 min. CONCLUSIONS: Hoist rescue was performed in 10% 
      (n=148) of the SAR operations. New information about hoist extrication time 
      intervals can improve rescue helicopter dispatch accuracy.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Samdal, Martin
AU  - Samdal M
AD  - Department of Research, Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway; 
      Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo 
      University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway. Electronic address: martin.samdal@norskluftambulanse.no.
FAU - Eiding, Helge
AU  - Eiding H
AD  - Department of Research, Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway; 
      Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo 
      University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 
      Norway.
FAU - Markengbakken, Lars
AU  - Markengbakken L
AD  - Royal Norwegian Air Force 330 Squadron, Rygge, Norway.
FAU - Roislien, Jo
AU  - Roislien J
AD  - Department of Research, Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway; 
      Department of Health Studies, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
FAU - Rehn, Marius
AU  - Rehn M
AD  - Department of Research, Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway; 
      Department of Health Studies, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; 
      Prehospital Division, Air Ambulance Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 
      Norway.
FAU - Sandberg, Marten
AU  - Sandberg M
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Prehospital Division, Air 
      Ambulance Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191022
PL  - United States
TA  - Wilderness Environ Med
JT  - Wilderness & environmental medicine
JID - 9505185
SB  - IM
MH  - *Air Ambulances
MH  - Data Collection
MH  - *Emergency Medical Services
MH  - Humans
MH  - Norway
MH  - *Rescue Work
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Time Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - air ambulance
OT  - emergency medical dispatch
OT  - emergency medical services
OT  - rescue work
OT  - risk management
OT  - time management
EDAT- 2019/10/28 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/07 06:00
CRDT- 2019/10/27 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/05/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/06/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/27 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1080-6032(19)30114-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.wem.2019.06.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Wilderness Environ Med. 2019 Dec;30(4):351-361. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2019.06.004. 
      Epub 2019 Oct 22.