PMID- 31661847 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200330 LR - 20200330 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 21 DP - 2019 Oct 28 TI - Sorghum MSD3 Encodes an omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels. LID - 10.3390/ijms20215359 [doi] LID - 5359 AB - Grain number per panicle is an important component of grain yield in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)) and other cereal crops. Previously, we reported that mutations in multi-seeded 1 (MSD1) and MSD2 genes result in a two-fold increase in grain number per panicle due to the restoration of the fertility of the pedicellate spikelets, which invariably abort in natural sorghum accessions. Here, we report the identification of another gene, MSD3, which is also involved in the regulation of grain numbers in sorghum. Four bulked F(2) populations from crosses between BTx623 and each of the independent msd mutants p6, p14, p21, and p24 were sequenced to 20x coverage of the whole genome on a HiSeq 2000 system. Bioinformatic analyses of the sequence data showed that one gene, Sorbi_3001G407600, harbored homozygous mutations in all four populations. This gene encodes a plastidial omega-3 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to linolenic acid (18:3), a substrate for jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. The msd3 mutants had reduced levels of linolenic acid in both leaves and developing panicles that in turn decreased the levels of JA. Furthermore, the msd3 panicle phenotype was reversed by treatment with methyl-JA (MeJA). Our characterization of MSD1, MSD2, and now MSD3 demonstrates that JA-regulated processes are critical to the msd phenotype. The identification of the MSD3 gene reveals a new target that could be manipulated to increase grain number per panicle in sorghum, and potentially other cereal crops, through the genomic editing of MSD3 functional orthologs. FAU - Dampanaboina, Lavanya AU - Dampanaboina L AD - Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA. lavanya.dampanaboina@ttu.edu. FAU - Jiao, Yinping AU - Jiao Y AD - Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA. yjiao@cshl.edu. AD - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA. yjiao@cshl.edu. FAU - Chen, Junping AU - Chen J AD - Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA. Junping.chen@ars.usda.gov. FAU - Gladman, Nicholas AU - Gladman N AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9000-8377 AD - Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA. gladman@cshl.edu. AD - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA. gladman@cshl.edu. FAU - Chopra, Ratan AU - Chopra R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2088-3341 AD - Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA. rchopra@umn.edu. AD - Current address: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. rchopra@umn.edu. FAU - Burow, Gloria AU - Burow G AD - Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA. Gloria.burow@ars.usda.gov. FAU - Hayes, Chad AU - Hayes C AD - Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA. Chad.Hayes@ars.usda.gov. FAU - Christensen, Shawn A AU - Christensen SA AD - Chemistry Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1700 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. Shawn.Christensen@ars.usda.gov. FAU - Burke, John AU - Burke J AD - Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA. John.Burke@ars.usda.gov. FAU - Ware, Doreen AU - Ware D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8125-3821 AD - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA. ware@cshl.edu. AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, NEA Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853, USA. ware@cshl.edu. FAU - Xin, Zhanguo AU - Xin Z AD - Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA. doreen.ware@ars.usda.gov. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191028 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Cyclopentanes) RN - 0 (Oxylipins) RN - 0RBV727H71 (alpha-Linolenic Acid) RN - 6RI5N05OWW (jasmonic acid) RN - 9KJL21T0QJ (Linoleic Acid) RN - EC 1.14.19.- (Fatty Acid Desaturases) RN - EC 1.14.99.- (omega-3 fatty acid desaturase) SB - IM MH - Alleles MH - Crops, Agricultural/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development MH - Cyclopentanes/*metabolism/pharmacology MH - Edible Grain/drug effects/genetics/growth & development MH - Fatty Acid Desaturases/*genetics/*metabolism MH - High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing MH - Linoleic Acid/chemistry/metabolism MH - Mutation MH - Oxylipins/*metabolism/pharmacology MH - Phenotype MH - Seeds/drug effects/genetics/growth & development MH - Sorghum/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism MH - alpha-Linolenic Acid/biosynthesis/chemistry PMC - PMC6862555 OTO - NOTNLM OT - MutMap OT - fatty acid desaturase OT - grain number OT - jasmonic acid OT - msd OT - multiseeded OT - sorghum COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest pertaining to this work. EDAT- 2019/10/31 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/31 06:00 PMCR- 2019/11/01 CRDT- 2019/10/31 06:00 PHST- 2019/09/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/10/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/10/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/10/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/10/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/31 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms20215359 [pii] AID - ijms-20-05359 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms20215359 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 28;20(21):5359. doi: 10.3390/ijms20215359.