PMID- 31671011
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200427
LR  - 20200427
IS  - 1938-5404 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-7587 (Linking)
VI  - 193
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Jan
TI  - Differentiation of Heterogeneous Radiation Exposure Using Hematology and Blood 
      Chemistry.
PG  - 24-33
LID - 10.1667/RR15411.1 [doi]
AB  - In the aftermath of a nuclear incident, survivors will suffer the deleterious 
      effects from acute radiation exposure. The majority of those affected would have 
      received heterogeneous radiation exposure, reflected in hematological metrics and 
      blood chemistry. Here, we investigated the acute and long-term changes in 
      kinetics and magnitude of pancytopenia and blood chemistry in rats irradiated 
      using varying degrees of body shielding. We hypothesized that, although a single 
      blood count may not be able to differentiate the degree of radiation exposure, a 
      combination of measurements from complete blood cell counts (CBCs) and blood 
      chemistry tests is able to do so. Male Sprague Dawley rats, 8-10 weeks of age, 
      received single-dose 7.5 Gy (160 kVp, 25 mA, 1.16 Gy/min) whole-body irradiation 
      (WBI, LD(100/30)) or partial-body irradiation (PBI), as follows: one leg shielded 
      (1LS, LD(0/30)), two legs shielded (2LS, LD(0/30)) or the upper half of the body 
      shielded (UHS, LD(0/30)). Animal morbidity and weights were measured. Blood was 
      drawn at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days postirradiation (n = 4-11). For kidney and 
      liver function measurements, CBC and blood chemistry analyses were performed. WBI 
      animals on average survived 9 +/- 0.4 days postirradiation. In contrast, all PBI 
      animals survived the 30-day study period. CBC analysis revealed that both white 
      blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were most affected after irradiation. While 
      WBC counts were significantly lower in all irradiated groups on days 1, 5 and 10, 
      platelets were only significantly lower on days 5 and 10 postirradiation. In 
      addition, on day 5 postirradiation both WBC and platelet counts were able to 
      differentiate WBI (non-survivors) from PBI 2LS and UHS animals (survivors). Using 
      four blood parameters (platelets, percentage lymphocytes, percentage neutrophils 
      and percentage monocytes) on day 5 after 7.5 Gy irradiation and a linear 
      discrimination analysis (LDA), we were able to predict the degree of body 
      exposure in animals with a 95.8% accuracy. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was 
      significantly lower in all groups on days 5 and 10 postirradiation compared to 
      baseline. Furthermore, ALP was significantly higher in the UHS than WBI animals. 
      The AST:ALT ratio was significantly higher than baseline in all irradiated groups 
      on day 1 postirradiation. In conclusion, four CBC parameters, on day 5 after 
      receiving a 7.5 Gy dose of radiation, can be employed in a LDA to differentiate 
      various degrees of exposure (shielding). The characterization presented in this 
      work paves the way for further studies in differences caused by heterogeneous 
      body exposure to radiation and a new metric for biodosimetry.
FAU - Gaber, M Waleed
AU  - Gaber MW
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer 
      Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 
      Houston, Texas.
FAU - Rodgers, Shaefali P
AU  - Rodgers SP
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
FAU - Tang, Tien T
AU  - Tang TT
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer 
      Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
FAU - Sabek, Omaima M
AU  - Sabek OM
AD  - Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
FAU - Zawaski, Janice A
AU  - Zawaski JA
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer 
      Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20191031
PL  - United States
TA  - Radiat Res
JT  - Radiation research
JID - 0401245
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Blood Chemical Analysis
MH  - *Hematologic Tests
MH  - Male
MH  - Radiation Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Radiation Protection
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2019/11/02 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/28 06:00
CRDT- 2019/11/01 06:00
PHST- 2019/11/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/11/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1667/RR15411.1 [pii]
AID - 10.1667/RR15411.1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Radiat Res. 2020 Jan;193(1):24-33. doi: 10.1667/RR15411.1. Epub 2019 Oct 31.