PMID- 31672317
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201103
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1879-0739 (Electronic)
IS  - 0271-5317 (Linking)
VI  - 72
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - Protein intake and amino acid supplementation regulate exercise recovery and 
      performance through the modulation of mTOR, AMPK, FGF21, and immunity.
PG  - 1-17
LID - S0271-5317(19)30135-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.06.006 [doi]
AB  - Exercise is considered to be the best approach to improve quality of life, and 
      together with a healthy and adequate dietary pattern, exercise represents the 
      best strategy to reduce the risk of chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases, 
      such as those related to obesity. The regularity and intensity of exercise is 
      modulated at the molecular level in the skeletal muscle by two protein kinases, 
      the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase 
      (AMPK), which act as sensors of external stimuli, showing the energy status of 
      muscular fibers. The mTOR pathway is activated by insulin and amino acid 
      availability, and its metabolic actions culminate in increased protein synthesis 
      and reduced autophagy, leading to an increase in muscle mass. In contrast, AMPK 
      activation induces a transcriptional program aimed to increase the mitochondrial 
      content in skeletal muscle, transforming fast-twitch glycolytic fibers to 
      slow-twitch oxidative fibers and increasing resistance to fatigue. In addition, 
      inadequate exercise training induces imbalance in the immune response, generating 
      excessive inflammation and/or immunosuppression. The purpose of this review is to 
      summarize recent studies that provide insight into dietary protein interventions 
      and/or amino acid supplementation that may improve outcomes after exercise by 
      modulating 1) mTOR and AMPK activation during early exercise recovery, leading to 
      increased muscle protein synthesis or increased oxidative capacity; 2) 
      undesirable inflammatory responses; and 3) fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) 
      levels that may have relevant implications in skeletal muscle metabolism, 
      particularly during the exercise recovery and performance of obese subjects.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Torre-Villalvazo, Ivan
AU  - Torre-Villalvazo I
AD  - Depto. de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y 
      Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
FAU - Aleman-Escondrillas, Gabriela
AU  - Aleman-Escondrillas G
AD  - Depto. de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y 
      Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
FAU - Valle-Rios, Ricardo
AU  - Valle-Rios R
AD  - Unidad Periferica de Investigacion en Cancer e Inmunologia, Division de 
      Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 
      Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; Laboratorio de Investigacion en Inmunologia y 
      Proteomica, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. 
      Electronic address: vallerios@gmail.com.
FAU - Noriega, Lilia G
AU  - Noriega LG
AD  - Depto. de Fisiologia de la Nutricion, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y 
      Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. Electronic address: 
      lgnoriegal@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190702
PL  - United States
TA  - Nutr Res
JT  - Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)
JID - 8303331
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
RN  - 0 (fibroblast growth factor 21)
RN  - 62031-54-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factors)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.31 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Amino Acids/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Dietary Proteins/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Fibroblast Growth Factors/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity/*immunology
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Physical Fitness/physiology
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology/*metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amino acid supplementation
OT  - Dietary protein
OT  - Exercise performance
OT  - Exercise recovery
EDAT- 2019/11/02 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/04 06:00
CRDT- 2019/11/02 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/05/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/06/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/11/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0271-5317(19)30135-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.06.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nutr Res. 2019 Dec;72:1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.06.006. Epub 2019 Jul 2.