PMID- 31683003
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200421
LR  - 20200421
IS  - 1095-9947 (Electronic)
IS  - 1050-4648 (Linking)
VI  - 95
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - Dietary administration of PVC and PE microplastics produces histological damage, 
      oxidative stress and immunoregulation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax 
      L.).
PG  - 574-583
LID - S1050-4648(19)31040-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.072 [doi]
AB  - Worldwide, plastic waste is increasingly being discharged into the oceans, where 
      it breaks down into smaller particles. Of these particles, the ingestion of 
      microplastics (MPs; particles smaller than 5 mm) have been documented in some 
      aquatic animals, including fish, whose health and welfare suffer as a 
      consequence. However, their precise effects are not completely understood. To 
      shed light on this issue, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) specimens 
      were fed diets containing 0 (control), 100 or 500 mg polyvinylchloride (PVC) or 
      polyethylene (PE) MPs kg(-1) diet for three weeks, after which samples of liver, 
      intestine, skin mucus and head kidney (HK) were obtained. A histological study of 
      the liver and intestine revealed important alterations in the fish fed the MP 
      diets, compared with control fish. At a functional level, PE-MPs, but not 
      PVC-MPs, decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting a certain 
      level of oxidative stress. As regards immunity, the intake of PVC-MPs increased 
      the phagocytic and respiratory burst activities of HK leucocytes whilst the 
      intake of PE-MPs increased skin mucus immunoglobulin M levels and the respiratory 
      burst activity of leucocytes. The results suggest that the short-medium term 
      intake of PVC- or PE-MPs by fish slightly depresses their immunity and produces 
      oxidative stress. However, based on the histological alterations found, it seems 
      that longer exposure times might lead to irreversible damage that could 
      compromise fish health and welfare.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Espinosa, Cristobal
AU  - Espinosa C
AD  - Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, 
      Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
FAU - Esteban, Maria Angeles
AU  - Esteban MA
AD  - Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, 
      Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
FAU - Cuesta, Alberto
AU  - Cuesta A
AD  - Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, 
      Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain. Electronic 
      address: alcuesta@um.es.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191102
PL  - England
TA  - Fish Shellfish Immunol
JT  - Fish & shellfish immunology
JID - 9505220
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bass/*immunology
MH  - Microplastics/*adverse effects
MH  - *Oxidative Stress
MH  - Polyethylene/*adverse effects
MH  - Polyvinyl Chloride/*adverse effects
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*adverse effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - European sea bass
OT  - Immunity
OT  - Microplastics
OT  - Oxidative stress
OT  - Polyethylene
OT  - Polyvinylchloride
EDAT- 2019/11/05 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/22 06:00
CRDT- 2019/11/05 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/10/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/10/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/11/05 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1050-4648(19)31040-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.072 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Dec;95:574-583. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.072. Epub 
      2019 Nov 2.