PMID- 31687034
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220411
IS  - 1710-1484 (Print)
IS  - 1710-1492 (Electronic)
IS  - 1710-1484 (Linking)
VI  - 15
DP  - 2019
TI  - Plasma cytokine profiles associated with rhodesiense sleeping sickness and 
      falciparum malaria co-infection in North Eastern Uganda.
PG  - 63
LID - 10.1186/s13223-019-0377-7 [doi]
LID - 63
AB  - BACKGROUND: Immunological Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) studies often 
      exclude malaria, although both infections overlap in specific endemic areas. 
      During this co-infection, it is not known whether this parasitic interaction 
      induces synergistic or antagonistic cytokine response among humans. This study 
      determined prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among Trypanosoma brucei 
      rhodesiense HAT and plasma cytokine profile levels associated with HAT and/or 
      malaria infections. METHODS: Participants were recruited at Lwala hospital in 
      north eastern Uganda: healthy controls (30), malaria (28), HAT (17), HAT and 
      malaria (15) diagnosed by microscopy and PCR was carried out for parasite species 
      identification. Plasma cytokine levels of Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), Tumour 
      Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and Transforming Growth 
      Factor-beta (TGF-beta) were measured by sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay 
      and data statistically analysed using Graphpad Prism 6.0. RESULTS: The prevalence 
      of P. falciparum malaria among T. rhodesiense HAT cases was high (46.8%). Malaria 
      and/or HAT cases presented significant higher plasma cytokine levels of IFN-gamma, 
      TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-beta than healthy controls (P < 0.05). Levels of IFN-gamma, 
      IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly elevated in HAT over malaria (P < 0.05) but no 
      significant difference in TNF-alpha and TGF-beta between HAT and malaria (P > 0.05). 
      Co-infection expressed significantly higher plasma IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10 levels 
      than malaria (P < 0.05) but no significant difference with HAT mono-infection 
      (P > 0.05). The TNF-alpha level was significantly elevated in co-infection over HAT 
      or malaria mono-infections (P < 0.05) unlike TGF-beta level. Significant positive 
      correlations were identified between IFN-gamma verses TNF-alpha and IL-6 verses IL-10 in 
      co-infection (Spearman's P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The T. b. rhodesiense 
      significantly induced the cytokine response more than P. falciparum infections. 
      Co-infection led to synergistic stimulation of pro-inflammatory (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha), 
      and anti-inflammatory (IL-6, and IL-10) cytokine responses relative to malaria 
      mono-infection. Level of TNF-alpha partially indicates the effect induced by T. b. 
      rhodesiense and P. falciparum mono-infections or a synergistic interaction of 
      co-infections which may have adverse effects on pathogenesis, prognosis and 
      resolution of the infections.Trial registration VCD-IRC/021, 26/08/2011; HS 1089, 
      16/01/2012.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2019.
FAU - Nsubuga, Julius
AU  - Nsubuga J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1191-9210
AD  - 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Bio-security, Makerere 
      University, Kampala, Uganda. ISNI: 0000 0004 0620 0548. GRID: grid.11194.3c
FAU - Kato, Charles Drago
AU  - Kato CD
AD  - 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Bio-security, Makerere 
      University, Kampala, Uganda. ISNI: 0000 0004 0620 0548. GRID: grid.11194.3c
FAU - Nanteza, Ann
AU  - Nanteza A
AD  - 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Bio-security, Makerere 
      University, Kampala, Uganda. ISNI: 0000 0004 0620 0548. GRID: grid.11194.3c
FAU - Matovu, Enock
AU  - Matovu E
AD  - 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Bio-security, Makerere 
      University, Kampala, Uganda. ISNI: 0000 0004 0620 0548. GRID: grid.11194.3c
FAU - Alibu, Vincent Pius
AU  - Alibu VP
AD  - 2College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. ISNI: 0000 
      0004 0620 0548. GRID: grid.11194.3c
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191030
PL  - England
TA  - Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol
JT  - Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian 
      Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JID - 101244313
PMC - PMC6820921
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Co-infection
OT  - Cytokine
OT  - HAT
OT  - IFN-gamma
OT  - IL-10
OT  - IL-6
OT  - Malaria
OT  - Mono-infection
OT  - TGF-beta
OT  - TNF-alpha
COIS- Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2019/11/07 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/07 06:01
PMCR- 2019/10/30
CRDT- 2019/11/06 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/10/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 377 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s13223-019-0377-7 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2019 Oct 30;15:63. doi: 10.1186/s13223-019-0377-7. 
      eCollection 2019.