PMID- 31687481
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200929
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 10
DP  - 2019 Oct
TI  - Structural performance of poultry eggshell derived hydroxyapatite based high 
      density polyethylene bio-composites.
PG  - e02552
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02552 [doi]
LID - e02552
AB  - In this research, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from chicken eggshell 
      waste by hydrothermal method for the development of bio-composite material 
      suitable for biomedical implant. However, since environmental influences on 
      natural materials are unique for different geographical locations in the world, 
      the use of agro wastes from these locations need to be investigated. This work 
      provides the detail results of the potentials of eggshell as HAp source. 
      High-density polyethylene (HDPE)/HAp composites were developed by random 
      dispersion of Hap (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%) in HDPE matrix, and were designated as 
      HAC10, HAC20, HAC30, and HAC40. The HAp-filled HDPE composites were developed by 
      a hot compression moulding process. The samples were subjected to tensile, 
      flexural, impact, fracture toughness and wear tests according to ASTM standards 
      in order to establish their structural performance as an implant material. 
      Furthermore, the samples were also tested for hydrophilicity using tap water and 
      simulated body fluid (SBF). X-ray diffraction analysis showed strong peaks of 
      hydroxyapatite phase which established that the influence of the selected 
      processing conditions on the poultry eggshell as a natural source for the 
      biomedical application was suitable for the synthesis of high-quality 
      hydroxyapatite. The mechanical properties of the developed composites were 
      enhanced to the level of the required properties expected of an implant material 
      compared to the control sample except for impact strength. Water absorption 
      characteristics of the developed composite samples also displayed expected 
      behaviour in SBF solution than in tap water thereby promoting the material as a 
      good implant material. From the results, the sample with 40 wt.% HAp possess the 
      highest values in the mechanical properties examined while sample from 20 wt.% 
      had the best fracture toughness. The results revealed that these waste eggshells 
      could be successfully converted into useful biocompatible HAp particles needed 
      for the enhancement of the mechanical properties of polymer composites to meet 
      the structural challenges of bio-composites.
CI  - (c) 2019 The Authors.
FAU - Oladele, Isiaka Oluwole
AU  - Oladele IO
AD  - Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of 
      Technology Akure, PMB 704, Ondo State, Nigeria.
FAU - Agbabiaka, Okikiola Ganiu
AU  - Agbabiaka OG
AD  - Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of 
      Technology Akure, PMB 704, Ondo State, Nigeria.
FAU - Adediran, Adeolu Adesoji
AU  - Adediran AA
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, PMB 1001, 
      Kwara State, Nigeria.
FAU - Akinwekomi, Akeem Damilola
AU  - Akinwekomi AD
AD  - Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of 
      Technology Akure, PMB 704, Ondo State, Nigeria.
FAU - Balogun, Augustine Olamilekan
AU  - Balogun AO
AD  - Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of 
      Technology Akure, PMB 704, Ondo State, Nigeria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191022
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC6820092
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bio-composites
OT  - Biomedical engineering
OT  - Biomedical materials
OT  - High-density polyethylene
OT  - Hydroxyapatite
OT  - Materials application
OT  - Materials science
OT  - Poultry eggshell
OT  - Structural performance
EDAT- 2019/11/07 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/07 06:01
PMCR- 2019/10/22
CRDT- 2019/11/06 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/09/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(19)36212-7 [pii]
AID - e02552 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02552 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2019 Oct 22;5(10):e02552. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02552. 
      eCollection 2019 Oct.