PMID- 31690378
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201105
LR  - 20201105
IS  - 1539-6304 (Electronic)
IS  - 1088-5412 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019 Nov 1
TI  - The infant and toddler with wheezing.
PG  - 393-395
LID - 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4255 [doi]
AB  - Recurrent wheezing is common in young infants and toddlers, with 50% of all 
      children having at least one wheezing episode in the first 6 years of life. 
      Initial wheezing episodes in young children often are linked to respiratory 
      infections due to viral pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus, human 
      rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus. Bacterial colonization of 
      the neonatal airway also may be significant in the late development of recurrent 
      wheeze and asthma. Wheezing in young children can be classified into specific 
      phenotypes based on the onset and persistence of wheezing. Although some children 
      will only wheeze transiently in early childhood, persistent wheezing is often 
      classified as immunoglobulin E (IgE) associated and/or atopic or nonatopic. By 
      using a modified asthma predictive index, future development of asthma can be 
      interpreted, especially in high-risk populations. It is recommended to follow 
      National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) guidelines for 
      initiation of treatment; however, asthma management of young children often 
      requires tailored regimens. Inhaled corticosteroids used as a daily controller 
      medication have been shown to aid symptoms and exacerbation control; however, 
      these do not change the natural course of the disease or progression to asthma. 
      Although randomized double-blind studies in preschoolers investigated a role of 
      macrolide antibiotics in early infection as well as high-dose inhaled 
      corticosteroids during severe lower respiratory tract infections, more research 
      is needed in this field to understand mechanisms of asthma development and 
      optimal treatment in this young age group.
FAU - Padem, Nurcicek
AU  - Padem N
FAU - Glick Robison, Rachel
AU  - Glick Robison R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Allergy Asthma Proc
JT  - Allergy and asthma proceedings
JID - 9603640
RN  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Macrolides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
MH  - Asthma/complications/*diagnosis/etiology/therapy
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infections/complications/drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Macrolides/therapeutic use
MH  - Practice Guidelines as Topic
MH  - Recurrence
MH  - Respiratory Sounds/*etiology
EDAT- 2019/11/07 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/06 06:00
CRDT- 2019/11/07 06:00
PHST- 2019/11/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/06 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4255 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Allergy Asthma Proc. 2019 Nov 1;40(6):393-395. doi: 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4255.