PMID- 31699626 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210118 LR - 20210118 IS - 1573-2509 (Electronic) IS - 0920-9964 (Linking) VI - 215 DP - 2020 Jan TI - Quality of parental bonding is associated with symptom severity and functioning among individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. PG - 204-210 LID - S0920-9964(19)30464-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.029 [doi] AB - Patients with schizophrenia tend to report having 'affectionless-controlling' mothers when the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) is used. However, there is limited research on the parenting styles received by individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. Furthermore, previous PBI studies have suggested that a three-factor solution is more suitable than the original two-factors. This study aims to i) use a more sensitive measure of parental bonding by conducting an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and (ii) to explore the association between parental bonding, symptom severity and functioning among the UHR. Data from 164 individuals at UHR and 510 healthy controls were collected. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Functioning was measured using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Confirmatory factor analyses of existing factor structures and EFA of the PBI was conducted. Pearson's correlations and regressions were used to elucidate the associations between parenting factors and assessment scales. EFAs revealed a three-factor solution: 'care', 'authoritarianism', and 'overprotection'. UHR were 1.61 times more likely to report having affectionless-controlling mothers. UHR reported significantly lower maternal and paternal care, and higher maternal and paternal overprotection. Higher paternal overprotection was significantly associated with worse symptoms and functioning. Our findings replicate previous findings among individuals at UHR in an Asian setting, and suggest that affectionless-controlling or affectionless-authoritative-overprotective styles may be a poor fit for individuals at UHR. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Peh, Oon Him AU - Peh OH AD - Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Electronic address: oonhim.peh@gmail.com. FAU - Rapisarda, Attilio AU - Rapisarda A AD - Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. FAU - Lee, Jimmy AU - Lee J AD - Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20191104 PL - Netherlands TA - Schizophr Res JT - Schizophrenia research JID - 8804207 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Disease Susceptibility MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Object Attachment MH - *Parent-Child Relations MH - *Parenting MH - Psychotic Disorders/*physiopathology MH - Risk MH - Schizophrenia/*physiopathology MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Child psychiatry OT - Parent-child relations OT - Parental bonding OT - Schizophrenia OT - Ultra-high risk COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2019/11/09 06:00 MHDA- 2021/01/20 06:00 CRDT- 2019/11/09 06:00 PHST- 2018/09/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/08/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/10/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/11/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/01/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/11/09 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0920-9964(19)30464-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.029 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Schizophr Res. 2020 Jan;215:204-210. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.029. Epub 2019 Nov 4.