PMID- 31700709
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 9
DP  - 2019 Sep 8
TI  - Carbohydrate-restricted Diet and High-intensity Interval Training Exercise 
      Improve Cardio-metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles in Metabolic Syndrome: A 
      Randomized Crossover Trial.
PG  - e5596
LID - 10.7759/cureus.5596 [doi]
LID - e5596
AB  - Introduction One approach to slow the pandemic of obesity and chronic disease is 
      to look to our evolutionary past for clues of the changing behaviors contributing 
      to the emergence of 'diseases of civilization'. Modern humans have deviated from 
      the lifestyle behaviors of our ancestors that have introduced pressures (i.e. 
      diet and activity changes) quicker than our genetic ability to respond. This 
      caused a 'mismatch' between our biological systems and environment, leading to 
      'man-made' chronic diseases. Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate 
      the effects of a short-term evolutionarily informed dietary and lifestyle 
      intervention on inflammatory and cardio-metabolic profiles in individuals 
      characterized as having metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods Twelve subjects with 
      MetS followed a crossover design with two, four-week interventions, including a 
      carbohydrate (CHO)-restricted Paleolithic-based diet (CRPD; <50g CHO) with 
      sedentary activity (CRPD-Sed) and CRPD with high-intensity interval training 
      (CRPD-Ex), separated by a four-week washout period. The HIIT exercise consisted 
      of 10 X 60 seconds (s) cycling intervals interspersed with 60s of active recovery 
      three d/wk for four weeks. The effects of a diet with sedentary activity as 
      compared to a diet with exercise on body composition, as well as the 
      cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic profiles, were assessed. A two-way 
      analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was performed with a post-hoc 
      analysis using a simple effects analysis with a Bonferroni adjustment. The level 
      of statistical significance was established a priori as p < 0.05. Results 
      Compared to baselines, CRPD-Sed and CRPD-Ex improved cardio-metabolic markers, 
      including reductions in waist adiposity (-15%, -18%), body mass (-3%, -5%), body 
      fat % (BF%; -7%, -12%), fasting plasma glucose (GLU; -20%, -27%), triglycerides 
      (TG; -47%, -52%), fasting insulin (-34%, -39%), insulin resistance (-35%, -46%), 
      and increased HDL-C (+22%, +36%) and VO(2max) (+22% and +29%), respectively. 
      CRPD-Sed and CRPD-Ex also reduced inflammatory markers, including hsCRP (-32% 
      and-36%), TNF-alpha (-35% and -41%), IL-6 (-29% and -40%), and ICAM-1 (-19%, 
      -23%), respectively, when compared to baseline. Conclusion Adopting behaviors 
      from our evolutionary past, including diet and exercise, shows favorable 
      cardio-metabolic and inflammatory profiles in those individuals characterized 
      with MetS.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019, Gyorkos et al.
FAU - Gyorkos, Amy
AU  - Gyorkos A
AD  - Preventive Medicine, Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 
      USA.
FAU - Baker, Mark H
AU  - Baker MH
AD  - Exercise Science, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, USA.
FAU - Miutz, Lauren N
AU  - Miutz LN
AD  - Preventive Medicine, Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CAN.
FAU - Lown, Deborah A
AU  - Lown DA
AD  - Preventive Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, 
      Allendale, USA.
FAU - Jones, Michael A
AU  - Jones MA
AD  - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 
      USA.
FAU - Houghton-Rahrig, Lori D
AU  - Houghton-Rahrig LD
AD  - Preventive Medicine, College of Nursing, Grand Valley State University, 
      Allendale, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190908
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC6822889
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - high-intensity interval training
OT  - inflammation
OT  - insulin sensitivity
OT  - ketogenic diet
OT  - lipoproteins
OT  - metabolic syndrome
OT  - metabolism
OT  - paleolithic diet
OT  - restricted carbohydrate diet
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2019/11/09 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/09 06:01
PMCR- 2019/09/08
CRDT- 2019/11/09 06:00
PHST- 2019/11/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.5596 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2019 Sep 8;11(9):e5596. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5596.