PMID- 31717723
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200311
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 21
DP  - 2019 Oct 25
TI  - Treatment of Metformin-Containing Wastewater by a Hybrid Vertical Anaerobic 
      Biofilm-Reactor (HyVAB).
LID - 10.3390/ijerph16214125 [doi]
LID - 4125
AB  - Several series of batch and continuous experiments were performed to investigate 
      the removal of metformin and other contaminants from two wastewaters: wastewater 
      I (WWI) containing 4 mg/L metformin and wastewater II (WWII) containing 110 g/L 
      butanol. Biomethane potential (BMP) tests on WWII showed 77% of total chemical 
      oxygen demand (tCOD = 110 g/L) degradability, and no apparent inhibition effects 
      were observed. BMP tests on WWI showed an apparent inhibitory effect reflected in 
      lower biogas production with increasing metformin concentration in the 
      wastewater. Continuous flow hybrid vertical anaerobic biofilm (HyVAB((R))) 
      experiments were consistent with the batch test findings. It was necessary to 
      co-digest WWI (metformin) with WWII (easily degradable organics) to achieve 
      complete metformin removal. After a period of adaptation, WWI and WWII 
      co-digestion achieved up to 98% tCOD removal and 100% metformin removal. Most of 
      the contaminants were removed in the anaerobic section of the HyVAB((R)), which 
      implies that higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads than tested here are 
      possible, given some optimization. The pilot reactor was able to manage organic 
      loads of 11 g COD/d and above 10 mg/L metformin with a removal of 98% and 100% 
      for tCOD and metformin, respectively.
FAU - Janka, Eshetu
AU  - Janka E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5005-7561
AD  - Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of 
      South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway.
FAU - Carvajal, Diego
AU  - Carvajal D
AD  - Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of 
      South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway.
FAU - Wang, Shuai
AU  - Wang S
AD  - Biowater Technology AS, Rambergvn 1, 3115 Tonsberg, Norway.
FAU - Bakke, Rune
AU  - Bakke R
AD  - Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of 
      South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway.
FAU - Dinamarca, Carlos
AU  - Dinamarca C
AD  - Department of Process, Energy and Environmental Technology, University of 
      South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20191025
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - *Biofilms
MH  - Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
MH  - *Bioreactors
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*isolation & purification
MH  - Metformin/*isolation & purification
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid
MH  - Wastewater/*chemistry
MH  - *Water Purification
PMC - PMC6862671
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CFIC
OT  - anaerobic digestion
OT  - biofilm
OT  - integrated biological system
OT  - metformin
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2019/11/14 06:00
MHDA- 2020/03/12 06:00
PMCR- 2019/11/01
CRDT- 2019/11/14 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/10/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/10/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/03/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph16214125 [pii]
AID - ijerph-16-04125 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph16214125 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 25;16(21):4125. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph16214125.