PMID- 31738151
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210506
LR  - 20210506
IS  - 1875-6182 (Electronic)
IS  - 1871-5257 (Print)
IS  - 1871-5257 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 2
DP  - 2020
TI  - p-Cymene Modulate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Murine Macrophages: 
      Potential Implication in Atherosclerosis.
PG  - 151-157
LID - 10.2174/1871525717666191118112310 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: p-Cymene (p-CYM) is a common chemical used in air fresheners. 
      OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to investigate the molecular effect of p-CYM on 
      macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Macrophages (RAW 264.7) were treated with 
      p-CYM (50 uM/L, 150 uM/L and 250 uM/L) for 6 hours, and 24 hours). Gene involved 
      in inflammation, such as the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the 
      Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and other genes known for their 
      antioxidant activity such as the Paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) were analyzed. RESULTS: 
      Cells treated with p-CYM have shown 30% up-regulation of MCP-1 after 24 hour of 
      exposure; and also a differential up-regulation of TNF-alpha. However, treatment with 
      p-CYM has resulted in a considerable (37%) dose-dependent downregulation of PON-1 
      after 24 hours of exposure. PON-1 is known for its antioxidant properties 
      protecting High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) from oxidation. CONCLUSION: Our 
      findings demonstrate that exposure to p-CYM over time promotes oxidative stress 
      by downregulating antioxidants genes as shown in PON-1 and also stimulates 
      inflammation, a key process during the initiation and progression of 
      atherosclerosis.
CI  - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at 
      epub@benthamscience.net.
FAU - Wu, Tong
AU  - Wu T
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of 
      Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States.
FAU - Mazhar, Zahra
AU  - Mazhar Z
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of 
      Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States.
FAU - Alsayrafi, Dhuha
AU  - Alsayrafi D
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of 
      Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States.
FAU - Garelnabi, Mahdi
AU  - Garelnabi M
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of 
      Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - D50100000000009/University of Massachusetts/International
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem
JT  - Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry
JID - 101266881
RN  - 0 (Cymenes)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 1G1C8T1N7Q (4-cymene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Atherosclerosis/chemically induced/genetics
MH  - Cymenes/*adverse effects
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
MH  - Inflammation/*chemically induced/genetics
MH  - Macrophages/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects
MH  - RAW 264.7 Cells
PMC - PMC7579268
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atherosclerosis
OT  - High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
OT  - inflammation
OT  - macrophages
OT  - oxidative stress
OT  - p-Cymene
EDAT- 2019/11/19 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/07 06:00
PMCR- 2020/10/22
CRDT- 2019/11/19 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/11/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/11/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/11/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/10/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - CHAMC-EPUB-102431 [pii]
AID - CHAMC-18-151 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1871525717666191118112310 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2020;18(2):151-157. doi: 
      10.2174/1871525717666191118112310.