PMID- 31752300
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200407
LR  - 20231020
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 22
DP  - 2019 Nov 19
TI  - Overexpression of Maize ZmC1 and ZmR Transcription Factors in Wheat Regulates 
      Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in a Tissue-Specific Manner.
LID - 10.3390/ijms20225806 [doi]
LID - 5806
AB  - Maize ZmC1 and ZmR transcription factors belong to the MYB-type and bHLH 
      families, respectively, and control anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, 
      Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to generate transgenic wheat 
      plants that overexpress ZmC1 and ZmR or both, with the objective of developing 
      anthocyanin-enriched wheat germplasm. Three kinds of stable transgenic wheat 
      lines were obtained. The integration of target genes in the transgenic wheat 
      plants was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. We 
      found that single overexpression of ZmC1 regulates pigmentation in the vegetative 
      tissues such as coleoptiles, auricles, and stems. The single overexpression of 
      ZmR controls the coloration in reproductive tissue like spikelets and seeds. The 
      simultaneous overexpression of ZmC1 and ZmR showed the strongest pigmentation in 
      almost all tissues. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis 
      revealed that expression of the two transgenes, and of two conserved homologous 
      and six associated structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in wheat 
      were greatly up-regulated in the transgenic plants. Similarly, quantitative 
      analysis for anthocyanin amounts based on HPLC-MS also confirmed that the 
      transgenic wheat plants with combined overexpression of ZmC1 and ZmR accumulated 
      the highest quantity of pigment products. Moreover, developing seeds 
      overexpressing ZmR exposed to light conditions showed up-regulated transcript 
      levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes compared to dark exposure, which 
      suggests an important role of light in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. This 
      study provides a foundation for breeding wheat materials with high anthocyanin 
      accumulation and understanding the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in 
      wheat.
FAU - Riaz, Bisma
AU  - Riaz B
AD  - Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 
      100081, China.
FAU - Chen, Haiqiang
AU  - Chen H
AD  - Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 
      100081, China.
FAU - Wang, Jing
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 
      100081, China.
FAU - Du, Lipu
AU  - Du L
AD  - Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 
      100081, China.
FAU - Wang, Ke
AU  - Wang K
AD  - Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 
      100081, China.
FAU - Ye, Xingguo
AU  - Ye X
AD  - Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 
      100081, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2016ZX08010-004/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's 
      Republic of China/
GR  - 2016ZX09001-001/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's 
      Republic of China/
GR  - CAAS-XTCX2016/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191119
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Anthocyanins)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anthocyanins/*genetics
MH  - Cotyledon/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics
MH  - Pigmentation/genetics
MH  - Plant Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
MH  - Seeds/genetics
MH  - Transcription Factors/*genetics
MH  - Triticum/*genetics
MH  - Zea mays/*genetics
PMC - PMC6887777
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MYB-type and bHLH transcription factors
OT  - anthocyanin biosynthesis
OT  - gene expression
OT  - genetic transformation
OT  - wheat
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The founding sponsors had no role 
      in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of 
      data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the 
      results.
EDAT- 2019/11/23 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/09 06:00
PMCR- 2019/11/01
CRDT- 2019/11/23 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/11/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/11/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms20225806 [pii]
AID - ijms-20-05806 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms20225806 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 19;20(22):5806. doi: 10.3390/ijms20225806.