PMID- 31754119
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201109
LR  - 20210110
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Nov 21
TI  - Analysis of HIV-1 diversity, primary drug resistance and transmission networks in 
      Croatia.
PG  - 17307
LID - 10.1038/s41598-019-53520-8 [doi]
LID - 17307
AB  - Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in treatment-naive HIV-1 infected 
      persons from Croatia was investigated. We included 403 persons, representing 
      92.4% of all HIV-positive individuals entering clinical care in Croatia in 
      2014-2017. Overall prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) was estimated 
      at 16.4%. Resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 
      non-nucleoside RTI (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) was found in 11.4%, 
      6.7% and 2.5% of persons, respectively. Triple-class resistance was determined in 
      2.2% of individuals. In addition, a single case (1.0%) of resistance to integrase 
      strand-transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) was found. Deep sequencing was performed on 
      48 randomly selected samples and detected additional TDR mutations in 6 cases. 
      Phylogenetic inference showed that 347/403 sequences (86.1%) were part of 
      transmission clusters and identified forward transmission of resistance in 
      Croatia, even that of triple-class resistance. The largest TDR cluster of 53 
      persons with T215S was estimated to originate in the year 1992. Our data show a 
      continuing need for pre-treatment HIV resistance testing in Croatia. Even though 
      a low prevalence of resistance to InSTI was observed, surveillance of TDR to 
      InSTI should be continued.
FAU - Oroz, Maja
AU  - Oroz M
AD  - University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
FAU - Begovac, Josip
AU  - Begovac J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2641-4327
AD  - University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
AD  - University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb, 10000, 
      Croatia.
FAU - Planinic, Ana
AU  - Planinic A
AD  - University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb, 10000, 
      Croatia.
FAU - Rokic, Filip
AU  - Rokic F
AD  - Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
FAU - Lunar, Maja M
AU  - Lunar MM
AD  - Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of 
      Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
FAU - Zorec, Tomaz Mark
AU  - Zorec TM
AD  - Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of 
      Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
FAU - Beluzic, Robert
AU  - Beluzic R
AD  - Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
FAU - Korac, Petra
AU  - Korac P
AD  - Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 
      University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
FAU - Vugrek, Oliver
AU  - Vugrek O
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8482-8889
AD  - Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
FAU - Poljak, Mario
AU  - Poljak M
AD  - Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of 
      Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
FAU - Lepej, Snjezana Zidovec
AU  - Lepej SZ
AD  - University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb, 10000, 
      Croatia. szidovec@gmail.com.
AD  - Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 
      University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia. szidovec@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20191121
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Croatia/epidemiology
MH  - Drug Resistance, Viral/*genetics
MH  - Female
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HIV Infections/epidemiology/*transmission/*virology
MH  - HIV-1/drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Molecular Epidemiology
MH  - Molecular Typing
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Prevalence
PMC - PMC6872562
COIS- S.Z.L. received speaker's honoraria and travel support from Gilead Sciences. M.L. 
      received speaker's honoraria and travel support from Gilead Sciences. Other 
      authors declare that they have no competing financial and non-financial interests 
      in relation to the work described.
EDAT- 2019/11/23 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/11 06:00
PMCR- 2019/11/21
CRDT- 2019/11/23 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/10/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/11/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-53520-8 [pii]
AID - 53520 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-019-53520-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 21;9(1):17307. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53520-8.