PMID- 31757038
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191125
LR  - 20200108
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 23
DP  - 2019 Nov 20
TI  - A Method of FPGA-Based Extraction of High-Precision Time-Difference Information 
      and Implementation of Its Hardware Circuit.
LID - 10.3390/s19235067 [doi]
LID - 5067
AB  - Abstract: The positioning technology to find shallow underground vibration 
      sources based on a wireless sensor network is receiving great interest in the 
      field of underground position measurements. The slow peaking and strong 
      multi-waveform aliasing typical of the underground vibration signal result in a 
      low extraction accuracy of the time difference and a poor source-positioning 
      accuracy. At the same time, the transmission of large amounts of sensor data and 
      the host computer's slow data processing speed make locating a source a slow 
      process. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a method for 
      high-precision time-difference measurements in near-field blasting and a method 
      for its hardware implementation. First, based on the broadband that is typical of 
      blast waves, the peak frequency of the P-wave was obtained in the time-frequency 
      domain, taking advantage of the difference in the propagation speed of the 
      P-wave, S-wave, and the surface wave. Second, the phase difference between two 
      sensor nodes was found by means of a spectral decomposition and a correlation 
      measurement. Third, the phase ambiguity was eliminated using the time interval of 
      the first break and the dynamic characteristics of the sensors. Finally, 
      following a top-down design idea, the hardware system was designed using Field 
      Programmable Gate Array(FPGA). Verification, using both numerical simulations and 
      experiments, suggested that compared with generalized cross-correlation-based 
      time-difference measurement methods, the proposed method produced a higher 
      time-difference resolution and accuracy. Compared with the traditional host 
      computer post-position positioning method, the proposed method was significantly 
      quicker. It can be seen that the proposed method provides a new solution for 
      solving high-precision and quick source-location problems, and affords a 
      technical means for developing high-speed, real-time source-location instruments.
FAU - Li, Jian
AU  - Li J
AD  - Shanxi Key Laboratory of Information Detection and Processing, North University 
      of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
AD  - National Key Laboratory of Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of 
      China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
FAU - Yan, Xinlei
AU  - Yan X
AD  - Shanxi Key Laboratory of Information Detection and Processing, North University 
      of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
FAU - Li, Maojin
AU  - Li M
AD  - Shanxi Key Laboratory of Information Detection and Processing, North University 
      of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
FAU - Meng, Ming
AU  - Meng M
AD  - Shanxi Key Laboratory of Information Detection and Processing, North University 
      of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
FAU - Yan, Xin
AU  - Yan X
AD  - Shanxi Key Laboratory of Information Detection and Processing, North University 
      of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - No.61901419/the National Science Foundation of China/
GR  - No.201801D221205/Shanxi Provincial Youth Fund Funding/
GR  - No. 201802083/Shanxi Provincial University Innovation Project Funding/
GR  - No. 6141B012904/Equipment Pre-research Weapons Industry Joint Fund/
GR  - (No. 6141B021303/Equipment pre-research weapon equipment joint fund/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191120
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC6928733
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - distributed source location
OT  - first break arrival time
OT  - time difference
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2019/11/24 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/24 06:01
PMCR- 2019/12/01
CRDT- 2019/11/24 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/11/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/11/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s19235067 [pii]
AID - sensors-19-05067 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s19235067 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2019 Nov 20;19(23):5067. doi: 10.3390/s19235067.