PMID- 31767827
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200317
LR  - 20220411
IS  - 2173-9110 (Electronic)
IS  - 1135-5727 (Linking)
VI  - 93
DP  - 2019 Nov 26
TI  - [High-risk drug use: epidemiological pattern through hair testing in the forensic 
      context].
LID - e201911065 [pii]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The basic sources of information on drug use are epidemiological 
      surveys, although they have some limitations: their results may be conditioned by 
      the lack of veracity of the responses and the sampling method makes it difficult 
      to detect lowprevalence behaviours in target populations. This study aimed to 
      establish the epidemiological pattern of drug use in the population undergoing 
      drug testing in hair, in the framework of judicial investigations, in order to 
      provide an additional approach to the knowledge of high-risk drug use. METHODS: A 
      cross-sectional study on drug use was conducted on the population subjected to 
      drug testing in hair (N=5,292) in the forensic context. Prevalence of cannabis, 
      cocaine, heroin, ketamine, amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), 
      3,4-methylenedioxy- methamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 
      3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA) and methadone uses were obtained. 
      Association between drug use and demographics, and trends of prevalence over the 
      period were analysed using the Pearson Chi-square test. Frequency distribution of 
      drug concentrations in hair was obtained and it was assessed in relation to 
      gender and age using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H 
      methods. RESULTS: During the period 2013-2015, prevalence of cocaine use was 
      particularly high (49%), rating second among the population studied, after 
      cannabis use (54%). Proportions of heroin, methadone, MDMA and amphetamine use 
      ranged from 10% to 18%. There was a significant increase in prevalence of MDMA, 
      heroin and amphetamine use during the period 2013-2015, as well as a significant 
      decrease in methadone use. The rates of cannabis, cocaine and MDMA use were 
      higher in men, whereas methadone use was higher among women. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Cannabis and cocaine are the most frequently abused drugs among the population 
      undergoing drug testing in hair in the framework of judicial investigations over 
      the three-year period, although the proportions of heroin, MDMA and amphetamine 
      users show an increasing trend. Drug use patterns vary according to age and sex, 
      with a decrease in cannabis and MDMA use and an increase in heroin and methadone 
      use as age increased; cannabis, cocaine and MDMA use are more prevalent among men 
      and methadone use among women.
FAU - Burgueno, M Jose
AU  - Burgueno MJ
AD  - Instituto Nacional de Toxicologia y Ciencias Forenses, Departamento de Madrid. 
      Madrid. Espana.
FAU - Sanchez, Sergio
AU  - Sanchez S
AD  - Instituto Nacional de Toxicologia y Ciencias Forenses, Departamento de Madrid. 
      Madrid. Espana.
FAU - Castro, M Angeles
AU  - Castro MA
AD  - Facultad de Farmacia, Quimica Farmaceutica. Campus Miguel de Unamuno. Universidad 
      de Salamanca. Salamanca. Espana.
FAU - Mateos-Campos, Ramona
AU  - Mateos-Campos R
AD  - Facultad de Farmacia, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Publica. Campus Miguel de 
      Unamuno. Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca. Espana.
LA  - spa
PT  - Journal Article
TT  - Drogas y consumo de alto riesgo: patron epidemiologico a partir de analisis de 
      cabello en el contexto forense.
DEP - 20191126
PL  - Spain
TA  - Rev Esp Salud Publica
JT  - Revista espanola de salud publica
JID - 9600212
RN  - 0 (Cannabinoids)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 4764-17-4 (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine)
RN  - 70D95007SX (Heroin)
RN  - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - ML1I4KK67B (3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine)
RN  - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamine/analysis
MH  - Cannabinoids/analysis
MH  - Cocaine/analysis
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Forensic Sciences
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Hair/*chemistry
MH  - Heroin/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs
MH  - Ketamine/analysis
MH  - Male
MH  - Methadone/analysis
MH  - Methamphetamine/analysis
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/analysis
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Spain/epidemiology
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*methods
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Drug testing
OT  - Drug use
OT  - Epidemiology
OT  - Hair testing
OT  - Spain
COIS- Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
EDAT- 2019/11/27 06:00
MHDA- 2020/03/18 06:00
CRDT- 2019/11/27 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/05/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/03/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - e201911065 [pii]
PST - epublish
SO  - Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2019 Nov 26;93:e201911065.