PMID- 31774345
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210510
LR  - 20210510
IS  - 1522-1598 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-3077 (Print)
IS  - 0022-3077 (Linking)
VI  - 123
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Jan 1
TI  - Modulatory effects of the supplementary motor area on primary motor cortex 
      outputs.
PG  - 407-419
LID - 10.1152/jn.00391.2019 [doi]
AB  - Premotor areas of primates are specialized cortical regions that can contribute 
      to hand movements by modulating the outputs of the primary motor cortex (M1). The 
      goal of the present work was to study how the supplementary motor area (SMA) 
      located within the same hemisphere [i.e., ipsilateral SMA (iSMA)] or the opposite 
      hemisphere [i.e., contralateral (cSMA)] modulate the outputs of M1. We used 
      paired-pulse protocols with intracortical stimulations in sedated capuchin 
      monkeys. A conditioning stimulus in iSMA or cSMA was delivered simultaneously or 
      before a test stimulus in M1 with different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) while 
      electromyographic activity was recorded in hand and forearm muscles. The pattern 
      of modulation from iSMA and cSMA shared some clear similarities. In particular, 
      both areas predominantly induced facilitatory effects on M1 outputs with shorter 
      ISIs and inhibitory effects with longer ISIs. However, the incidence and strength 
      of facilitatory effects were greater for iSMA than cSMA. We then compared the 
      pattern of modulatory effects from SMA to the ones from the dorsal and ventral 
      premotor cortexes (PMd and PMv) collected in the same series of experiments. 
      Among premotor areas, the impact of SMA on M1 outputs was always weaker than the 
      one of either PMd or PMv, and this was regardless of the hemisphere, or the ISI, 
      tested. These results show that SMA exerts a unique set of modulations on M1 
      outputs, which could support its specific function for the production of hand 
      movements.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We unequivocally isolated stimulation to either the 
      ipsilateral or contralateral supplementary motor area (SMA) using invasive 
      techniques and compared their modulatory effects on the outputs of primary motor 
      cortex (M1). Modulations from both SMAs shared many similarities. However, 
      facilitatory effects evoked from ipsilateral SMA were more common and more 
      powerful. This pattern differs from the ones of other premotor areas, which 
      suggests that each premotor area makes unique contributions to the production of 
      motor outputs.
FAU - Cote, Sandrine L
AU  - Cote SL
AD  - Departement de Neurosciences, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Montreal, 
      Quebec, Canada.
FAU - Elgbeili, Guillaume
AU  - Elgbeili G
AD  - Psychosocial Research Division, Douglas Institute Research Center, Verdun, 
      Quebec, Canada.
FAU - Quessy, Stephan
AU  - Quessy S
AD  - Departement de Neurosciences, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Montreal, 
      Quebec, Canada.
FAU - Dancause, Numa
AU  - Dancause N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0424-9730
AD  - Departement de Neurosciences, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Montreal, 
      Quebec, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20191127
PL  - United States
TA  - J Neurophysiol
JT  - Journal of neurophysiology
JID - 0375404
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cebus
MH  - Electric Stimulation
MH  - Electromyography
MH  - Evoked Potentials, Motor/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Functional Laterality/*physiology
MH  - Hand/*physiology
MH  - Motor Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Movement/*physiology
MH  - Nerve Net/*physiology
PMC - PMC6985856
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cortical network
OT  - hand movement
OT  - interhemispheric interaction
OT  - neuromodulation
OT  - premotor cortex
COIS- No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.
EDAT- 2019/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/11 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2019/11/28 06:00
PHST- 2019/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/11/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JN-00391-2019 [pii]
AID - 10.1152/jn.00391.2019 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neurophysiol. 2020 Jan 1;123(1):407-419. doi: 10.1152/jn.00391.2019. Epub 2019 
      Nov 27.