PMID- 31781595
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200427
LR  - 20200427
IS  - 2314-6141 (Electronic)
IS  - 2314-6133 (Print)
VI  - 2019
DP  - 2019
TI  - Effects of Norspermidine on Dual-Species Biofilms Composed of Streptococcus 
      mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis.
PG  - 1950790
LID - 10.1155/2019/1950790 [doi]
LID - 1950790
AB  - The present study aimed at investigating the influence of norspermidine on the 
      formation of dual-species biofilms composed of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) 
      and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). Crystal violet assay was conducted to 
      assess the formation of single-species biofilms of S. mutans and S. sanguinis, 
      and the growth curve was carefully observed to monitor the growth of these two 
      species of bacteria. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and MTT array were 
      used to analyze the composition and metabolic activity of the dual-species 
      biofilms, respectively. Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS)/bacteria staining, 
      anthrone method, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging were conducted to 
      study the synthesis of EPS by dual-species biofilms. Lactic acid assay and pH 
      were measured to detect dual-species biofilm acid production. We found that 
      norspermidine had different effects on S. mutans and S. sanguinis including their 
      growth and biofilm formation. Norspermidine regulated the composition of the 
      dual-species biofilms, decreased the ratio of S. mutans in dual-species biofilms, 
      and reduced the metabolic activity, EPS synthesis, and acid production of 
      dual-species biofilms. Norspermidine regulated dual-species biofilms in an 
      ecological way, suggesting that it may be a potent reagent for controlling dental 
      biofilms and managing dental caries.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Yan Sun et al.
FAU - Sun, Yan
AU  - Sun Y
AD  - Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical 
      University, Wenzhou, China.
FAU - Pan, Yihuai
AU  - Pan Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7782-4217
AD  - Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical 
      University, Wenzhou, China.
FAU - Sun, Yu
AU  - Sun Y
AD  - Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical 
      University, Wenzhou, China.
FAU - Li, Mingyun
AU  - Li M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7725-9772
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, 
      Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
FAU - Huang, Shengbin
AU  - Huang S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4522-2769
AD  - Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical 
      University, Wenzhou, China.
FAU - Qiu, Wei
AU  - Qiu W
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, 
      Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
FAU - Tu, Huanxin
AU  - Tu H
AD  - Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical 
      University, Wenzhou, China.
FAU - Zhang, Keke
AU  - Zhang K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5755-7059
AD  - School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191103
PL  - United States
TA  - Biomed Res Int
JT  - BioMed research international
JID - 101600173
RN  - 0 (Cariogenic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Polysaccharides, Bacterial)
RN  - 56-18-8 (norspermidine)
RN  - U87FK77H25 (Spermidine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biofilms/*drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Cariogenic Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Dental Caries/drug therapy/microbiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Microbial Interactions
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Polysaccharides, Bacterial/*metabolism
MH  - Spermidine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Streptococcus mutans/*drug effects/growth & development/ultrastructure
MH  - Streptococcus sanguis/*drug effects/growth & development/ultrastructure
MH  - Virulence
PMC - PMC6874952
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2019/11/30 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/28 06:00
PMCR- 2019/11/03
CRDT- 2019/11/30 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/09/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/11/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/11/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/11/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2019/1950790 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomed Res Int. 2019 Nov 3;2019:1950790. doi: 10.1155/2019/1950790. eCollection 
      2019.