PMID- 31783599
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200415
LR  - 20200415
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 23
DP  - 2019 Nov 27
TI  - Connexins-Based Hemichannels/Channels and Their Relationship with Inflammation, 
      Seizures and Epilepsy.
LID - 10.3390/ijms20235976 [doi]
LID - 5976
AB  - Connexins (Cxs) are a family of 21 protein isoforms, eleven of which are 
      expressed in the central nervous system, and they are found in neurons and glia. 
      Cxs form hemichannels (connexons) and channels (gap junctions/electric synapses) 
      that permit functional and metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes. 
      Altered Cx expression and function is involved in inflammation and neurological 
      diseases. Cxs-based hemichannels and channels have a relevance to seizures and 
      epilepsy in two ways: First, this pathological condition increases the opening 
      probability of hemichannels in glial cells to enable gliotransmitter release, 
      sustaining the inflammatory process and exacerbating seizure generation and 
      epileptogenesis, and second, the opening of channels favors excitability and 
      synchronization through coupled neurons. These biological events highlight the 
      global pathological mechanism of epilepsy, and the therapeutic potential of 
      Cxs-based hemichannels and channels. Therefore, this review describes the role of 
      Cxs in neuroinflammation and epilepsy and examines how the blocking of channels 
      and hemichannels may be therapeutic targets of anti-convulsive and anti-epileptic 
      treatments.
FAU - Medina-Ceja, Laura
AU  - Medina-Ceja L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0345-2216
AD  - Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, 
      CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 45110, Mexico.
FAU - Salazar-Sanchez, Juan C
AU  - Salazar-Sanchez JC
AD  - Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, 
      CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 45110, Mexico.
FAU - Ortega-Ibarra, Jorge
AU  - Ortega-Ibarra J
AD  - MexBio Research Innovations S.A. de C.V., El Salto, Jalisco 45696 Mexico.
FAU - Morales-Villagran, Alberto
AU  - Morales-Villagran A
AD  - MexBio Research Innovations S.A. de C.V., El Salto, Jalisco 45696 Mexico.
LA  - eng
GR  - 250930/CONACYT/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20191127
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Connexins)
RN  - 0 (Ion Channels)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Connexins/*metabolism
MH  - Epilepsy/*metabolism
MH  - Gap Junctions/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/*metabolism
MH  - Ion Channels/*metabolism
MH  - Neurons/metabolism
MH  - Seizures/*metabolism
PMC - PMC6929063
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - connexins
OT  - epilepsy models
OT  - gliotransmitters
OT  - interleukins
OT  - neuroinflammation
OT  - seizures
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2019/12/01 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/16 06:00
PMCR- 2019/12/01
CRDT- 2019/12/01 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/11/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/11/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/12/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/12/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms20235976 [pii]
AID - ijms-20-05976 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms20235976 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 27;20(23):5976. doi: 10.3390/ijms20235976.