PMID- 31806347
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200406
LR  - 20200408
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 712
DP  - 2020 Apr 10
TI  - Chemical tracers guide identification of the location and source of persistent 
      organic pollutants in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), 
      migrating seaward through an estuary with multiple contaminant inputs.
PG  - 135516
LID - S0048-9697(19)35510-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135516 [doi]
AB  - Understanding the spatial extent, magnitude, and source of contaminant exposure 
      in biota is necessary to formulate appropriate conservation measures to reduce or 
      remediate contaminant exposure. However, obtaining such information for migratory 
      animals is challenging. Juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), a 
      threatened species throughout the US Pacific Northwest, are exposed to persistent 
      organic pollutants (POPs), including polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame 
      retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in many developed rivers and 
      estuaries. This study used three types of complementary chemical tracer data 
      (contaminant concentrations, POP fingerprints, and stable isotopes), to determine 
      the location and source of contaminant exposure for natural- and hatchery-origin 
      Chinook salmon migrating seaward through a developed watershed with multiple 
      contaminant sources. Concentration data revealed that salmon were exposed to and 
      accumulated predominantly PBDEs and PCBs in the lower mainstem region of the 
      river, with higher PBDEs in natural- than hatchery-origin fish but similar PCBs 
      in both groups, associated with differences in contaminant inputs and/or habitat 
      use. The POP fingerprints of the natural-origin-fish captured from this region 
      were also distinct from other region and origin sample groups, with much higher 
      proportions of PBDEs in the total POP concentration, indicating a different 
      contaminant source or habitat use than the hatchery-origin fish. Stable isotopes, 
      independent tracers of food sources and habitat use, revealed that natural-origin 
      fish from this region also had depleted delta(15)N signatures compared to other 
      sample groups, associated with exposure to nutrient-rich wastewater. The 
      PBDE-enhanced POP fingerprints in these salmon were correlated with the degree of 
      depletion in nitrogen stable isotopes of the fish, suggesting a common wastewater 
      source for both the PBDEs and the nitrogen. Identification of the location and 
      source of contaminant exposure allows environmental managers to establish 
      conservation measures to control contaminant inputs, necessary steps to improve 
      the health of Chinook salmon and enhance their marine survival.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - O'Neill, Sandra M
AU  - O'Neill SM
AD  - Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, PO Box 43200, Olympia, WA 98504-3200, 
      USA. Electronic address: sandra.oneill@dfw.wa.gov.
FAU - Carey, Andrea J
AU  - Carey AJ
AD  - Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, PO Box 43200, Olympia, WA 98504-3200, 
      USA.
FAU - Harding, Louisa B
AU  - Harding LB
AD  - Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, PO Box 43200, Olympia, WA 98504-3200, 
      USA.
FAU - West, James E
AU  - West JE
AD  - Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, PO Box 43200, Olympia, WA 98504-3200, 
      USA.
FAU - Ylitalo, Gina M
AU  - Ylitalo GM
AD  - Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National 
      Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 
      98112-2097, USA.
FAU - Chamberlin, Joshua W
AU  - Chamberlin JW
AD  - Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National 
      Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 
      98112-2097, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191118
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Environmental Pollutants
MH  - Estuaries
MH  - Northwestern United States
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls
MH  - *Salmon
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PBDEs
OT  - PCBs
OT  - POP fingerprints
OT  - Stable isotopes
OT  - Stormwater
OT  - Wastewater
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2019/12/07 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/09 06:00
CRDT- 2019/12/07 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/11/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/11/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/12/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/07 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(19)35510-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135516 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 10;712:135516. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135516. 
      Epub 2019 Nov 18.