PMID- 31816925 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200608 LR - 20200608 IS - 1424-8220 (Electronic) IS - 1424-8220 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 23 DP - 2019 Dec 3 TI - Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis Using a Support Vector Machine and Optical Coherence Tomography Features. LID - 10.3390/s19235323 [doi] LID - 5323 AB - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) data and a support vector machine (SVM) as an automatic classifier. Forty-eight MS patients without symptoms of optic neuritis and forty-eight healthy control subjects were selected. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was performed using a DRI (deep-range imaging) Triton OCT device (Topcon Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Mean values (right and left eye) for macular thickness (retinal and choroidal layers) and peripapillary area (retinal nerve fibre layer, retinal, ganglion cell layer-GCL, and choroidal layers) were compared between both groups. Based on the analysis of the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), the 3 variables with the greatest discriminant capacity were selected to form the feature vector. A SVM was used as an automatic classifier, obtaining the confusion matrix using leave-one-out cross-validation. Classification performance was assessed with Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) and the AUC(CLASSIFIER). The most discriminant variables were found to be the total GCL++ thickness (between inner limiting membrane to inner nuclear layer boundaries), evaluated in the peripapillary area and macular retina thickness in the nasal quadrant of the outer and inner rings. Using the SVM classifier, we obtained the following values: MCC = 0.81, sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.92, accuracy = 0.91, and AUC(CLASSIFIER) = 0.97. Our findings suggest that it is possible to classify control subjects and MS patients without previous optic neuritis by applying machine-learning techniques to study the structural neurodegeneration in the retina. FAU - Cavaliere, Carlo AU - Cavaliere C AD - Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Electronics, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain. FAU - Vilades, Elisa AU - Vilades E AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9411-5834 AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. AD - Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Innovation and Research Group (GIMSO), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. FAU - Alonso-Rodriguez, M feminine C AU - Alonso-Rodriguez MC AD - Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain. FAU - Rodrigo, Maria Jesus AU - Rodrigo MJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4009-3075 AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. AD - Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Innovation and Research Group (GIMSO), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. AD - RETICS-Oftared: Thematic Networks for Co-operative Research in Health for Ocular Diseases, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Pablo, Luis Emilio AU - Pablo LE AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. AD - Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Innovation and Research Group (GIMSO), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. FAU - Miguel, Juan Manuel AU - Miguel JM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4641-5848 AD - Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Electronics, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain. FAU - Lopez-Guillen, Elena AU - Lopez-Guillen E AD - Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Electronics, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain. FAU - Morla, Eva M feminine Sanchez AU - Morla EMS AD - Department of Psychiatry, 12 Octubre University Hospital Research Institute (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain. AD - Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. AD - CIBERSAM: Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Boquete, Luciano AU - Boquete L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8591-6103 AD - Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Electronics, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain. AD - RETICS-Oftared: Thematic Networks for Co-operative Research in Health for Ocular Diseases, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Martin, Elena AU - Garcia-Martin E AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. AD - Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Innovation and Research Group (GIMSO), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. AD - RETICS-Oftared: Thematic Networks for Co-operative Research in Health for Ocular Diseases, 28040 Madrid, Spain. LA - eng GR - DPI2017-88438-R/Secretariat of State for Research, Development and Innovation/ GR - PI17/01726/Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ GR - RD16/0008/020/RETICS Oftared/ GR - RD16/0008/029/RETICS Oftared/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191203 PL - Switzerland TA - Sensors (Basel) JT - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101204366 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Area Under Curve MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/*methods MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Machine Learning MH - Male MH - Multiple Sclerosis/*diagnosis MH - Normal Distribution MH - Optic Neuritis/*diagnosis MH - Retina/pathology MH - Sex Factors MH - *Support Vector Machine MH - *Tomography, Optical Coherence PMC - PMC6928765 OTO - NOTNLM OT - confusion matrix OT - multiple sclerosis OT - optical coherence tomography OT - support vector machine COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2019/12/11 06:00 MHDA- 2020/06/09 06:00 PMCR- 2019/12/01 CRDT- 2019/12/11 06:00 PHST- 2019/10/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/11/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/11/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/12/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/12/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/06/09 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - s19235323 [pii] AID - sensors-19-05323 [pii] AID - 10.3390/s19235323 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Sensors (Basel). 2019 Dec 3;19(23):5323. doi: 10.3390/s19235323.