PMID- 31848161
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201120
LR  - 20201120
IS  - 2044-6055 (Electronic)
IS  - 2044-6055 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 12
DP  - 2019 Dec 16
TI  - Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among persons aged 15-49 
      in India: a cross-sectional study.
PG  - e029714
LID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029714 [doi]
LID - e029714
AB  - OBJECTIVES: This is the first attempt to provide estimates on the prevalence of 
      hypertension at the national, state and district level, a prerequisite for 
      designing effective interventions. Besides, the study aims to identify the risk 
      factors of hypertension. DESIGN: We analysed cross-sectional survey data from the 
      fourth round (2015-2016) of National Family Health Survey (NFHS). NFHS was 
      conducted between January 2015 and December 2016, gathering information on a 
      range of indicators including blood pressure. The age adjusted prevalence of 
      hypertension was calculated for state comparison, while multilevel logistic 
      regression analysis was done to assess the correlates of hypertension. SETTING 
      AND PARTICIPANTS: India (2015-2016; n=811 917) aged 15-49. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY 
      OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome is hypertension, which has been defined as 
      systolic blood pressure >/=140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >/=90 mm Hg. 
      RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in India was 11.3% (95% CI 
      11.16% to 11.43%) among persons aged between 15 and 49 and was four percentage 
      points higher among males 13.8% (95% CI 13.46% to 14.19%) than among females 
      10.9% (95% CI 10.79% to 11.06%). Persons in the urban location (12.5%, 95% CI 
      12.25% to 12.80%) had a marginally higher prevalence than persons in rural 
      location (10.6%, 95% CI 10.50% to 10.78%). The proportion of population suffering 
      from hypertension varied greatly between states, with a prevalence of 8.2% (95% 
      CI 7.58% to 8.85%) in Kerala to 20.3% (95% CI 18.81% to 21.77%) in Sikkim. 
      Advancing age, obesity/overweight, male sex, socioeconomic status and consumption 
      of alcohol were found to be the major predictors of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Hypertension prevalence is now becoming more concentrated among the poor. Policy 
      measures should be taken to improve the hazardous working conditions and growing 
      social pressures of survival responsible for 'life-style' changes such as 
      consumption of high calorie food and alcohol.
CI  - (c) Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No 
      commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
FAU - Ghosh, Soumitra
AU  - Ghosh S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5077-0551
AD  - School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, 
      India soumitra@tiss.edu.
FAU - Kumar, Manish
AU  - Kumar M
AD  - School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, 
      India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191216
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ Open
JT  - BMJ open
JID - 101552874
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - *Blood Pressure
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypertension/diagnosis/*epidemiology
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Life Style
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Obesity/epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Rural Population/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Sex Distribution
MH  - Social Class
MH  - Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC6937064
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - India
OT  - district
OT  - factors
OT  - hypertension
OT  - prevalence
OT  - state
COIS- Competing interests: None declared.
EDAT- 2019/12/19 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/21 06:00
PMCR- 2019/12/16
CRDT- 2019/12/19 06:00
PHST- 2019/12/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/12/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - bmjopen-2019-029714 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029714 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMJ Open. 2019 Dec 16;9(12):e029714. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029714.