PMID- 31856395 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210427 LR - 20210427 IS - 2042-6984 (Electronic) IS - 2042-6976 (Print) IS - 2042-6976 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 3 DP - 2020 Mar TI - Correlation of mucus inflammatory proteins and olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis. PG - 343-355 LID - 10.1002/alr.22499 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common causes of olfactory loss, but the pathophysiology underlying olfactory dysfunction in CRS has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies found correlations between olfactory cleft (OC) inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and olfaction in CRS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between OC mucus inflammatory proteins and olfaction in a multi-institutional cohort. METHODS: Adults with CRS were prospectively recruited. Demographics, comorbidities, olfactory assessment (Sniffin' Sticks), computed tomography (CT), and OC mucus for protein analysis were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to determine associations between olfactory function, OC mucus protein concentrations, and CT opacification. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were enrolled in the study, with an average age of 48.2 (standard deviation, 16.2) years, and 56.5% were female and 59.7% were classified as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Ten of 26 OC mucus proteins were significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) scores and OC opacification. Subgroup analysis by polyp status revealed that, within the CRSwNP group, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-6, IL-13, IL-10, IL-9, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), CCL5, and CCL11 were significantly correlated with olfaction. For CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), only C-X-C ligand 5 (CXCL5) showed a correlation. In CRSwNP, IL-6, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) correlated with OC opacification, whereas, in CRSsNP, only CXCL5 showed a correlation. OC mucus proteins and Lund-Mackay score correlated only in the CRSsNP group (CXCL5, IL-5, IL-13, IgE). CONCLUSION: Several OC mucus proteins have been found to correlate with olfactory function and OC opacification. The profile of OC mucus proteins differs between CRSsNP and CRSwNP subgroups, suggesting different mechanisms between groups, but further study is required. CI - (c) 2019 ARS-AAOA, LLC. FAU - Soler, Zachary M AU - Soler ZM AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. FAU - Yoo, Frederick AU - Yoo F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8928-8869 AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. FAU - Schlosser, Rodney J AU - Schlosser RJ AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. FAU - Mulligan, Jennifer AU - Mulligan J AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. FAU - Ramakrishnan, Vijay R AU - Ramakrishnan VR AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2748-0705 AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO. FAU - Beswick, Daniel M AU - Beswick DM AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO. FAU - Alt, Jeremiah A AU - Alt JA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0560-5028 AD - Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. FAU - Mattos, Jose L AU - Mattos JL AD - Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. FAU - Payne, Spencer C AU - Payne SC AD - Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. FAU - Storck, Kristina A AU - Storck KA AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. FAU - Smith, Timothy L AU - Smith TL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6424-7083 AD - Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR. LA - eng GR - R01 DC005805/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20191219 PL - United States TA - Int Forum Allergy Rhinol JT - International forum of allergy & rhinology JID - 101550261 RN - 0 (Cytokines) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Chronic Disease MH - Cytokines/metabolism MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Inflammation MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nasal Polyps/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology MH - Olfaction Disorders/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology MH - Olfactory Mucosa/*metabolism/pathology MH - Rhinitis/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology MH - Sinusitis/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology MH - Smell PMC - PMC7145735 MID - NIHMS1059235 OTO - NOTNLM OT - chronic rhinosinustis OT - olfaction OT - olfactory disorders COIS- Financial Disclosures/Conflicts of Interest: Z.M.S., R.J.S., J.M., V.R.R., J.A.A., and T.L.S. were supported for this investigation by a grant from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), one of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., USA (R01 DC005805; Co-PI: T.L.S./Z.M.S.). Public clinical trial registration (www.clinicaltrials.gov) ID#NCT02720653. This funding organization did not contribute to the design or conduct of this study; preparation, review, approval or decision to submit this manuscript for publication. Z.M.S. is a consultant for Olympus, Novartis, Regeneron, Optinose, and Healthy Humming which are not affiliated with this manuscript. R.J.S. is a consultant for Olympus, Arrinex, Optinose, Sanofi, and Healthy Humming, which are not affiliated with this study. V.R.R. is a consultant for Medtronic and Optinose, which are not affiliated with this study. J.A.A. is a consultant for Medtronic, Optinose, Intersect ENT, and GlycoMira Therapeutics, which are not affiliated with this study. J.L.M. is a consultant for Sanofi, which is not affiliated with this manuscript. S.C.P is a consultant for Cook Medical, which is not affiliated with this study. EDAT- 2019/12/20 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/28 06:00 PMCR- 2021/03/01 CRDT- 2019/12/20 06:00 PHST- 2019/08/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/10/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/11/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/12/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/12/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2021/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1002/alr.22499 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020 Mar;10(3):343-355. doi: 10.1002/alr.22499. Epub 2019 Dec 19.