PMID- 31861877
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200520
LR  - 20200520
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Dec 20
TI  - Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Antibacterial Mechanism of Limonene against 
      Listeria monocytogenes.
LID - 10.3390/molecules25010033 [doi]
LID - 33
AB  - Limonene is a monoterpenoid compound, which is founded in a lot of plants' 
      essential oils with good antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens, but 
      it has an ambiguous antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanism against Listeria 
      monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility 
      of Limonene to L. monocytogenes was studied, and some new sights regarding its 
      antibacterial mechanism were further explored. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 
      verified that limonene caused the destruction of the cell integrity and wall 
      structure of L. monocytogenes. The increase in conductivity and the leakage of 
      intracellular biomacromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins) confirmed that 
      limonene had an obvious effect on cell membrane permeability. The results of 
      Propidium Iodide (PI) fluorescence staining were consistent with the results of 
      the conductivity measurements. This indicated that limonene treatment caused 
      damage to the L. monocytogenes cell membrane. Furthermore, the decrease in ATP 
      content, ATPase (Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase) activity and respiratory chain 
      complex activity indicated that limonene could hinder ATP synthesis by inhibiting 
      the activity of the respiratory complex and ATPase. Finally, differential 
      expression of proteins in the respiratory chain confirmed that limonene affected 
      respiration and energy metabolism by inhibiting the function of the respiratory 
      chain complex.
FAU - Han, Yingjie
AU  - Han Y
AD  - College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 
      570228, China.
FAU - Sun, Zhichang
AU  - Sun Z
AD  - College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 
      570228, China.
FAU - Chen, Wenxue
AU  - Chen W
AD  - College of Food Sciences & Engineering, Hainan University, 58 People Road, Haikou 
      570228, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - No.31760480/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - No.31640061/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191220
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Oils, Volatile)
RN  - 9MC3I34447 (Limonene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Membrane/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Membrane Permeability/*drug effects
MH  - Limonene/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Listeria monocytogenes/*metabolism
MH  - Oils, Volatile/*chemistry
PMC - PMC6982812
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ATP
OT  - ATPase
OT  - Limonene
OT  - antibacterial mechanism
OT  - membrane damage
OT  - nucleic acid
OT  - protein
OT  - respiratory complexes
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2019/12/22 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/21 06:00
PMCR- 2019/12/20
CRDT- 2019/12/22 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/12/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/12/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/12/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/12/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules25010033 [pii]
AID - molecules-25-00033 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules25010033 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2019 Dec 20;25(1):33. doi: 10.3390/molecules25010033.