PMID- 31868918
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201208
LR  - 20201214
IS  - 1365-2362 (Electronic)
IS  - 0014-2972 (Linking)
VI  - 50
IP  - 2
DP  - 2020 Feb
TI  - Atherosclerosis: Beyond the lipid storage hypothesis. The role of autoimmunity.
PG  - e13195
LID - 10.1111/eci.13195 [doi]
AB  - Atherosclerosis has long been considered as a lipid storage disease. Recent data 
      suggest that autoimmune mechanisms seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of 
      atherosclerosis. The presence of activated endothelial vascular cells, 
      neutrophils, macrophages, T and to a lesser extent B cells in atherosclerotic 
      plaques, together with the proinflammatory cytokine burden suggest mobilization 
      of both innate and adaptive immune pathways in atherosclerosis pathobiology. The 
      development of antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), the 
      experimental induction of atherosclerosis either via the transfer of T cells or 
      immunization with autoantigens such as beta2 glycoprotein Iota (beta2-GPI) and heat shock 
      proteins (HSP) further support the autoimmune nature of atherosclerosis. However, 
      classical immunosuppressive and immune-modulatory drugs, successfully used in the 
      therapy of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have shown limited benefits so far in 
      the treatment of atherosclerosis.
CI  - (c) 2019 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.
FAU - Cinoku, Ilir I
AU  - Cinoku II
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2362-5591
AD  - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian 
      University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Mavragani, Clio P
AU  - Mavragani CP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8214-7406
AD  - Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian 
      University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
AD  - Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian 
      University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Moutsopoulos, Haralampos M
AU  - Moutsopoulos HM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3287-4821
AD  - Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian 
      University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
AD  - Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200118
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Clin Invest
JT  - European journal of clinical investigation
JID - 0245331
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Autoantigens)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Heat-Shock Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Immunologic Factors)
RN  - 0 (Immunosuppressive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL)
RN  - 0 (beta 2-Glycoprotein I)
RN  - 0 (oxidized low density lipoprotein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptive Immunity/immunology
MH  - Adoptive Transfer
MH  - Animals
MH  - Atherosclerosis/drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Autoantibodies/*immunology
MH  - Autoantigens/immunology
MH  - Autoimmunity/*immunology
MH  - Cytokines/*immunology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Endothelial Cells/immunology
MH  - Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Innate/immunology
MH  - Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
MH  - Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Inflammation/*immunology
MH  - Lipoproteins, LDL/immunology
MH  - Macrophages/immunology
MH  - Neutrophils/immunology
MH  - Plaque, Atherosclerotic/*immunology
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/transplantation
MH  - Vaccination
MH  - beta 2-Glycoprotein I/immunology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - atherosclerosis
OT  - autoimmune disease
OT  - autoimmune response
OT  - oxidized form of low-density lipoprotein
EDAT- 2019/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2019/12/24 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/12/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/12/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/24 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/eci.13195 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Clin Invest. 2020 Feb;50(2):e13195. doi: 10.1111/eci.13195. Epub 2020 Jan 
      18.