PMID- 31883493
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200408
LR  - 20200408
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 258
DP  - 2020 Mar
TI  - Immunotoxicity of microplastics and two persistent organic pollutants alone or in 
      combination to a bivalve species.
PG  - 113845
LID - S0269-7491(19)33976-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113845 [doi]
AB  - Both microplastics and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitously 
      present in natural water environment, posing a potential threat to aquatic 
      organisms. While it has been suggested that the immune responses of aquatic 
      organisms could be hampered by exposure to microplastics and POPs, the 
      synergistic immunotoxic impact of these two types of pollutants remain poorly 
      understood. In addition, little is known about the mechanism behind the 
      immunotoxic effect of microplastics. Therefore, in the present study, the 
      immunotoxicity of microplastics and two POPs, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 
      17beta-estradiol (E2), were investigated alone or in combination in a bivalve 
      species, Tegillarca granosa. Evident immunotoxicity, as indicated by alterations 
      of haemocyte count, blood cell composition, phagocytic activity, intracellular 
      content of ROS, concentration of Ca(2+) and lysozyme, and lysozyme activity, was 
      revealed for both microplastics and the two POPs examined. In addition, the 
      expression of six immune-, Ca(2+) signalling-, and apoptosis-related genes was 
      significantly altered by exposure of clams to the contaminants studied. 
      Furthermore, the toxicity of POPs was generally aggravated by smaller 
      microplastics (500 nm) and mitigated by larger ones (30 mum). This size dependent 
      effect on POP toxicity may result from size dependent interactions between 
      microplastics and POPs. Data obtained in this study also indicate that similar to 
      exposure to B[a]P and E2, exposure to microplastics may hamper the immune 
      responses of clams through a series of interdependent physiological and molecular 
      processes.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Tang, Yu
AU  - Tang Y
AD  - College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
FAU - Rong, Jiahuan
AU  - Rong J
AD  - College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
FAU - Guan, Xiaofan
AU  - Guan X
AD  - College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
FAU - Zha, Shanjie
AU  - Zha S
AD  - College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
FAU - Shi, Wei
AU  - Shi W
AD  - College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
FAU - Han, Yu
AU  - Han Y
AD  - College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
FAU - Du, Xueying
AU  - Du X
AD  - College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
FAU - Wu, Fangzhu
AU  - Wu F
AD  - Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic 
      Administration, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 
      Hangzhou, PR China.
FAU - Huang, Wei
AU  - Huang W
AD  - Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic 
      Administration, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 
      Hangzhou, PR China. Electronic address: willhuang@sio.org.cn.
FAU - Liu, Guangxu
AU  - Liu G
AD  - College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China. Electronic 
      address: guangxu_liu@zju.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191217
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bivalvia/*physiology
MH  - Microplastics/*toxicity
MH  - Plastics
MH  - Toxicity Tests
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Calcium
OT  - Immune response
OT  - LZM
OT  - Microplastics
OT  - ROS
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2019/12/29 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/09 06:00
CRDT- 2019/12/29 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/10/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/12/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/12/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/29 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(19)33976-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113845 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2020 Mar;258:113845. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113845. Epub 2019 
      Dec 17.