PMID- 31888191 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200504 LR - 20211204 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 24 DP - 2019 Dec 16 TI - Humanized Mice as an Effective Evaluation System for Peptide Vaccines and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. LID - 10.3390/ijms20246337 [doi] LID - 6337 AB - Peptide vaccination was developed for the prevention and therapy of acute and chronic infectious diseases and cancer. However, vaccine development is challenging, because the patient immune system requires the appropriate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) recognition with the peptide. Moreover, antigens sometimes induce a low response, even if the peptide is presented by antigen-presenting cells and T cells recognize it. This is because the patient immunity is dampened or restricted by environmental factors. Even if the immune system responds appropriately, newly-developed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are used to increase the immune response against cancer, make the immune environment more complex. The ICIs may activate T cells, although the ratio of responsive patients is not high. However, the vaccine may induce some immune adverse effects in the presence of ICIs. Therefore, a system is needed to predict such risks. Humanized mouse systems possessing human immune cells have been developed to examine human immunity in vivo. One of the systems which uses transplanted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may become a new diagnosis strategy. Various humanized mouse systems are being developed and will become good tools for the prediction of antibody response and immune adverse effects. FAU - Kametani, Yoshie AU - Kametani Y AD - Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine; 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. AD - Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan. FAU - Ohno, Yusuke AU - Ohno Y AD - Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine; 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. FAU - Ohshima, Shino AU - Ohshima S AD - Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine; 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. FAU - Tsuda, Banri AU - Tsuda B AD - Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. FAU - Yasuda, Atsushi AU - Yasuda A AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. FAU - Seki, Toshiro AU - Seki T AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. FAU - Ito, Ryoji AU - Ito R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2903-2332 AD - Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan. FAU - Tokuda, Yutaka AU - Tokuda Y AD - Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. LA - eng GR - 22220007/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20191216 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (Vaccines, Subunit) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antibody Formation MH - Humans MH - Immune System/metabolism MH - Immunosuppression Therapy MH - *Immunotherapy MH - Mice MH - Models, Animal MH - Vaccines, Subunit/*immunology PMC - PMC6940818 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cancer antigen OT - humanized mouse OT - immune checkpoint inhibitor OT - immune suppression OT - peptide vaccine COIS- We have no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2020/01/01 06:00 MHDA- 2020/05/06 06:00 PMCR- 2019/12/01 CRDT- 2020/01/01 06:00 PHST- 2019/11/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/12/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/12/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/05/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms20246337 [pii] AID - ijms-20-06337 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms20246337 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 16;20(24):6337. doi: 10.3390/ijms20246337.