PMID- 31888462 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200507 LR - 20200507 IS - 1471-2164 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2164 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Dec 30 TI - Hydrogen cyanamide induces grape bud endodormancy release through carbohydrate metabolism and plant hormone signaling. PG - 1034 LID - 10.1186/s12864-019-6368-8 [doi] LID - 1034 AB - BACKGROUND: Grape buds exhibit non-uniform, or delayed, break in early spring in subtropical regions because the accumulation of chilling is insufficient. Hydrogen cyanamide (H(2)CN(2), HC) can partially replace chilling to effectively promote bud sprouting and is used widely in warm winter areas. However, the exact underlying mechanism of grape bud release from endodormancy induced by HC remains elusive. RESULTS: In this study, the transcriptome of grape winter buds under in vitro conditions following HC and water treatment (control) was analyzed using RNA-seq technology. A total of 6772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that starch and sucrose metabolism and plant hormone signaling transduction were most enriched out of the 50 total pathways. HC treatment induced the upregulated expression of sucrose synthase (SUS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), alpha-amylase (AM), and beta-amylase (BM) and downregulated expression of sucrose invertase (INV), hexokinase (HK), fructokinase (FK), soluble starch synthase (SS), and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). Hence, the starch concentration in the HC-treated group was significantly lower than that in control, whereas soluble sugar content in the HC-treated group increased quickly and was higher than that in control between 0 and 8 d. The concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and zeatin (ZT) increased, whereas that of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) decreased in HC treated group, which coincided with the expression level of genes involved in above hormone signals. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased in grape buds with HC treatment, whereas catalase (CAT) activity was decreased. HC treatment increased the expression of POD, SOD, primary amine oxidase (PAO), polyamine oxidase (PAOX), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it is possible to propose a mechanistic model that underlies the regulation of endodormancy release in grapevine buds by exogenous HC application. FAU - Liang, Dong AU - Liang D AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. AD - Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Huang, Xiaojing AU - Huang X AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Shen, Yanqiu AU - Shen Y AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Shen, Tian AU - Shen T AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Zhang, Huifen AU - Zhang H AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Lin, Lijin AU - Lin L AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. AD - Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Wang, Jin AU - Wang J AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. AD - Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Deng, Qunxian AU - Deng Q AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Lyu, Xiulan AU - Lyu X AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. xllvjj@163.com. AD - Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. xllvjj@163.com. FAU - Xia, Hui AU - Xia H AD - College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. susanxia_2001@163.com. AD - Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. susanxia_2001@163.com. LA - eng GR - 2017JY0169 and 18PTDJ0140/Sichuan Science and Technology Program/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191230 PL - England TA - BMC Genomics JT - BMC genomics JID - 100965258 RN - 0 (Plant Growth Regulators) RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) RN - 0 (Sugars) RN - 420-04-2 (Cyanamide) RN - 72S9A8J5GW (Abscisic Acid) RN - 7YNJ3PO35Z (Hydrogen) RN - 9005-25-8 (Starch) SB - IM MH - Abscisic Acid/metabolism MH - *Carbohydrate Metabolism MH - Computational Biology/methods MH - Cyanamide/*metabolism MH - Gene Expression Profiling MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Gene Ontology MH - Hydrogen/*metabolism MH - Metabolic Networks and Pathways MH - *Plant Dormancy MH - Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism MH - Plant Proteins/metabolism MH - Signal Transduction MH - Starch/metabolism MH - Sugars/metabolism MH - Transcriptome MH - Vitis/*physiology PMC - PMC6937986 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Carbohydrate OT - Endodormancy release OT - Grape OT - Hydrogen cyanamide OT - Plant hormone COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2020/01/01 06:00 MHDA- 2020/05/08 06:00 PMCR- 2019/12/30 CRDT- 2020/01/01 06:00 PHST- 2019/04/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/12/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/05/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/12/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12864-019-6368-8 [pii] AID - 6368 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12864-019-6368-8 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Genomics. 2019 Dec 30;20(1):1034. doi: 10.1186/s12864-019-6368-8.