PMID- 31889177 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201030 LR - 20201231 IS - 1525-3163 (Electronic) IS - 0021-8812 (Print) IS - 0021-8812 (Linking) VI - 98 IP - 6 DP - 2020 Jun 1 TI - Development of a subcutaneous ear implant to deliver an anaplasmosis vaccine to dairy steers. LID - 10.1093/jas/skz392 [doi] LID - skz392 AB - Bovine anaplasmosis is the most prevalent tick-transmitted disease of cattle worldwide and a major obstacle to profitable beef production. Use of chlortetracycline-medicated feed to control active anaplasmosis infections during the vector season has raised concerns about the potential emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria that may pose a risk to human health. Furthermore, the absence of effectiveness data for a commercially available, conditionally licensed anaplasmosis vaccine is a major impediment to implementing anaplasmosis control programs. The primary objective of this study was to develop a single-dose vaccine delivery platform to produce long-lasting protective immunity against anaplasmosis infections. Twelve Holstein steers, aged 11 to 12 wk, were administered a novel 3-stage, single-dose vaccine against Anaplasma marginale, a major surface protein 1a. The vaccine consisted of a soluble vaccine administered subcutaneously (s.c.) for immune priming, a vaccine depot of a biodegradable polyanhydride rod with intermediate slow release of the vaccine for boosting immune response, and an immune-isolated vaccine platform for extended antigen release (VPEAR implant) deposited s.c. in the ear. Six calves were randomly assigned to 2 vaccine constructs (n = 3) that featured rods and implants containing a combination of 2 different adjuvants, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Dextran and Quil-A (Group A). The remaining 6 calves were randomly assigned to 2 vaccine constructs (n = 3) that featured rods and implants containing the same adjuvant (either DEAE-Dextran or Quil A) (Group B). Twenty-one months post-implantation, calves were challenged intravenously with A. marginale stabilate and were monitored weekly for signs of fever, decreased packed cell volume (PCV) and bacteremia. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model and chi-squared tests (SAS v9.04.01, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Calves in Group A had higher PCV than calves in Group B (P = 0.006) at day 35 post-infection. Calves in Group A were less likely to require antibiotic intervention compared with calves in Group B (P = 0.014). Results indicate that calves exhibited diminished clinical signs of anaplasmosis when antigen was delivered with a combination of adjuvants as opposed to a single adjuvant. This demonstrates the feasibility of providing long-lasting protection against clinical bovine anaplasmosis infections using a subcutaneous ear implant vaccine construct. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. FAU - Curtis, Andrew K AU - Curtis AK AD - Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. FAU - Reif, Kathryn E AU - Reif KE AD - Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. FAU - Kleinhenz, Michael D AU - Kleinhenz MD AD - Department of Clinical Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. FAU - Martin, Miriam S AU - Martin MS AD - Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. FAU - Skinner, Brandt AU - Skinner B AD - Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. FAU - Kelly, Sean M AU - Kelly SM AD - Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. FAU - Jones, Douglas E AU - Jones DE AD - Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. AD - Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. FAU - Schaut, Robert G AU - Schaut RG FAU - Reppert, Emily J AU - Reppert EJ AD - Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. FAU - Montgomery, Shawnee R AU - Montgomery SR AD - Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. FAU - Narasimhan, Balaji AU - Narasimhan B AD - Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. AD - Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. FAU - Anantatat, Tippawan AU - Anantatat T AD - Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. FAU - Jaberi-Douraki, Majid AU - Jaberi-Douraki M AD - Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. FAU - Coetzee, Johann F AU - Coetzee JF AD - Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. AD - Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary PL - United States TA - J Anim Sci JT - Journal of animal science JID - 8003002 RN - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) RN - 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations) RN - 0 (Drug Implants) SB - IM EIN - J Anim Sci. 2020 Nov 1;98(11):. PMID: 33151332 MH - *Anaplasma marginale MH - Anaplasmosis/immunology/microbiology/*prevention & control MH - Animals MH - Bacterial Vaccines/*administration & dosage/immunology MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Delayed-Action Preparations MH - Drug Implants MH - Male PMC - PMC7271671 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Anaplasma marginale OT - Bos taurus OT - anaplasmosis OT - cattle OT - implant OT - vaccine EDAT- 2020/01/01 06:00 MHDA- 2020/10/31 06:00 PMCR- 2020/12/31 CRDT- 2020/01/01 06:00 PHST- 2019/10/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/12/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/10/31 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/12/31 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 5691273 [pii] AID - skz392 [pii] AID - 10.1093/jas/skz392 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Anim Sci. 2020 Jun 1;98(6):skz392. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz392.