PMID- 31891975
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 1305-7456 (Print)
IS  - 1305-7464 (Electronic)
VI  - 13
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019 Oct
TI  - Nonprescription Bleaching versus Home Bleaching with Professional Prescriptions: 
      Which One is Safer? A Comprehensive Review of Color Changes and Their Side 
      Effects on Human Enamel.
PG  - 589-598
LID - 10.1055/s-0039-1700659 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES:  This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the professionally 
      prescribed and nonprescription over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching agents. MATERIALS 
      AND: METHODS:  Extracted human upper central incisors were prepared and stained 
      with red wine for 14 days before being subjected to four different bleaching 
      agents: professionally prescribed opalescence PF 15%, VOCO Perfect Bleach 10%, 
      nonprescription OTC Crest 3D Whitestrips, and Whitelight Teeth Whitening System. 
      Colorimetric measurement was performed with Vita Easyshade Handheld 
      Spectrophotometer, enamel surface microhardness measured using Vickers Hardness 
      machine, and surface roughness was evaluated with profilometer, before and after 
      bleaching. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation and atomic force 
      microscopy were conducted postbleaching. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:  The data were 
      analyzed with t-test, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Turkey's test at a 
      significance level of 5%. RESULTS:  All bleaching products have the same efficacy 
      to whiten stained enamel. Opalescence PF 15% showed significant increase in the 
      microhardness (92.69 +/- 68.316). All groups demonstrated significant increase in 
      surface roughness (p < 0.05). SEM evaluation showed that Opalescence PF 15% 
      resulted in same microscopic appearance as unbleached enamel, while VOCO Perfect 
      Bleach 10%, Whitelight Teeth Whitening System and Crest 3D Whitestrips 
      demonstrated mild to moderate irregularities and accentuated irregularities, 
      respectively. CONCLUSION:  Professionally prescribed bleaching agent of 
      Opalescence PF 15% is effective tin whitening the teeth, while the other 
      bleaching products may be effective but also have deleterious effects on the 
      enamel.
CI  - Dental Investigation Society.
FAU - Omar, Farhana
AU  - Omar F
AD  - Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains 
      Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
FAU - Ab-Ghani, Zuryati
AU  - Ab-Ghani Z
AD  - Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 
      Kelantan, Malaysia.
FAU - Rahman, Normastura Abd
AU  - Rahman NA
AD  - Dental Public Health Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 
      Kelantan, Malaysia.
FAU - Halim, Mohamad Syahrizal
AU  - Halim MS
AD  - Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains 
      Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
GR  - USM Short Term/304/PPSG/61313102/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191231
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Dent
JT  - European journal of dentistry
JID - 101303672
PMC - PMC6938424
COIS- Care needs to be taken when using bleaching agents, especially with regard to 
      nonprescription, OTC bleaching agent, as it can cause significant changes to 
      enamel with repeated usage.This study was presented on the Postgraduate Research 
      Day, April 27, 2017, at the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 
      Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 
      Malaysia.None declared.
EDAT- 2020/01/01 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/01 06:01
PMCR- 2019/12/31
CRDT- 2020/01/01 06:00
PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/01/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/01 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - EJD190046 [pii]
AID - 10.1055/s-0039-1700659 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Dent. 2019 Oct;13(4):589-598. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1700659. Epub 2019 Dec 
      31.