PMID- 31892252
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2076-0817 (Print)
IS  - 2076-0817 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-0817 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Dec 27
TI  - Fungicide Treatments to Control Seed-borne Fungi of Sunflower Seeds.
LID - 10.3390/pathogens9010029 [doi]
LID - 29
AB  - : Seed-borne fungi in 69 sunflower cultivars were evaluated which comprised 52 
      confectionery and 17 oilseed types. Seed coats were placed on both NP-10 
      (Nonylphenol Ethoxylate based surfacant -10) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media 
      to culture fungi. The rate of contamination among the different varieties was 
      calculated by counting seed coats with fungal colonies. The rate of contamination 
      in the confectionary group (88%) was significantly (p </= 0.05) higher than in the 
      oilseed group (71%). Of the 52 confectionery varieties, the dominant fungi 
      recovered were Verticillium dahliae along with Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., 
      and Rhizopus spp., whereas the oilseed type varieties were contaminated with only 
      V. dahliae. Molecular identification of fungal species via BLAST (Basic Alignment 
      Search Tool) was performed on fungal sequences obtained from PCR (Polymerase 
      Chain Reaction) analysis. The results included five Alternaria spp. that included 
      Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria helianthiinficiens, 
      Alternaria longipes, and Alternaria tamaricis, three Fusarium spp. such as 
      Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium proliferatum, and V. 
      dahliae and Cladosporium cladosporioides. These were identified from pure fungal 
      cultures recovered from seed coats. To efficiently control seed-borne fungi, four 
      broad spectrum fungicides (carbendazim, triadimefon, caprio F-500, and 
      flusilazole) were screened against V. dahliae isolate Gn3, which was isolated 
      from a diseased LD 5009 sunflower plant. Flusilazole was selected based on its 
      low half-maximal effective concentration value (EC(50)), 78.7 microg/mL. Seeds of 
      diseased LD 5009 plants obtained from two different locations treated with 
      formulated flusilazole fungicide at optimum parameters showed a significant (p </= 
      0.05) increase in seed germination and a decrease in contamination rate from 98% 
      to less than 10%. The results affirmed that confectionery cultivars are much more 
      susceptible to fungal contamination than oilseeds, and also that seed 
      pretreatment is a suitable way to prevent the spread of soil- and seed-borne 
      fungi in sunflower production.
FAU - Addrah, Mandela Elorm
AU  - Addrah ME
AD  - College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural 
      University, Hohhot 010018, China.
FAU - Zhang, Yuanyuan
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Institute of Grassland Research of CAAS, Huhhot 010010, China.
FAU - Zhang, Jian
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural 
      University, Hohhot 010018, China.
FAU - Liu, Lin
AU  - Liu L
AD  - College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural 
      University, Hohhot 010018, China.
FAU - Zhou, Hongyou
AU  - Zhou H
AD  - College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural 
      University, Hohhot 010018, China.
FAU - Chen, Weidong
AU  - Chen W
AD  - Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, 
      USA.
FAU - Zhao, Jun
AU  - Zhao J
AD  - College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural 
      University, Hohhot 010018, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 201803048/Inner Mongolia Major Science and Technology/
GR  - 201503109/China Agricultural Research System/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191227
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pathogens
JT  - Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101596317
PMC - PMC7168664
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - flusilazole
OT  - seed coat contamination
OT  - seed pretreatment
OT  - seed-borne fungi
OT  - sunflower
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results".
EDAT- 2020/01/02 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/02 06:01
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2020/01/02 06:00
PHST- 2019/11/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/12/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/12/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/01/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/01/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - pathogens9010029 [pii]
AID - pathogens-09-00029 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/pathogens9010029 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pathogens. 2019 Dec 27;9(1):29. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9010029.