PMID- 31904760 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200731 LR - 20211021 IS - 1614-0575 (Electronic) IS - 1613-6071 (Print) IS - 1613-6071 (Linking) VI - 15 DP - 2019 TI - The Combination of Whey Protein and Dietary Fiber Does Not Alter Low-Grade Inflammation or Adipose Tissue Gene Expression in Adults with Abdominal Obesity. PG - 83-94 LID - 10.1900/RDS.2019.15.83 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and plays a central role in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary factors can influence low-grade inflammation and affect adipose tissue function. AIM: To investigate the separate and combined effects of whey protein and cereal fiber on inflammatory markers and adipose tissue gene expression in abdominal obesity. METHODS: We performed a 12-week, double-blind, randomized controlled dietary intervention in 65 adults with abdominal obesity. The participants were randomized to 4 groups using a 2 x 2 factorial design; they received either 60 g/day of whey protein or maltodextrin in combination with high-fiber wheat bran products (30 g fiber/day) or low-fiber refined wheat products (10 g fiber/day). Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and adiponectin were measured before and after intervention. Changes in gene expression related to inflammation, insulin signaling, and lipid metabolism were measured in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. RESULTS: After intervention, TNF-alpha was reduced for both high-fiber groups compared with baseline, but did not significantly differ from the low-fiber groups. There were no differences in fasting or postprandial inflammatory markers between the groups. The relative gene expression of ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 (S6K1) was increased after whey protein compared with maltodextrin consumption. CONCLUSION: Intake of whey protein in combination with high cereal fiber content did not differentially affect low-grade inflammation or adipose tissue gene expression compared with maltodextrin and low fiber content in individuals with abdominal obesity. FAU - Rakvaag, Elin AU - Rakvaag E AD - Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. FAU - Fuglsang-Nielsen, Rasmus AU - Fuglsang-Nielsen R AD - Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. FAU - Bach Knudsen, Knud Erik AU - Bach Knudsen KE AD - Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark. FAU - Hermansen, Kjeld AU - Hermansen K AD - Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. FAU - Gregersen, Soren AU - Gregersen S AD - Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20191230 PL - Singapore TA - Rev Diabet Stud JT - The review of diabetic studies : RDS JID - 101227575 RN - 0 (Adiponectin) RN - 0 (Chemokine CCL2) RN - 0 (Dietary Fiber) RN - 0 (Whey Proteins) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) SB - IM MH - Adiponectin/genetics/immunology MH - Adipose Tissue/*immunology MH - Adult MH - C-Reactive Protein/genetics/immunology MH - Chemokine CCL2/genetics/immunology MH - Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage/*metabolism MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Obesity, Abdominal/*diet therapy/genetics/immunology MH - Postprandial Period/immunology MH - Whey Proteins/administration & dosage/*metabolism PMC - PMC6946088 COIS- The authors report no conflict of interests. EDAT- 2020/01/07 06:00 MHDA- 2020/08/01 06:00 PMCR- 2019/12/30 CRDT- 2020/01/07 06:00 PHST- 2020/01/07 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/01/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/08/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/12/30 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1900/RDS.2019.15.83 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Rev Diabet Stud. 2019;15:83-94. doi: 10.1900/RDS.2019.15.83. Epub 2019 Dec 30.