PMID- 31910525 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200320 LR - 20200320 IS - 1879-3363 (Electronic) IS - 0025-326X (Linking) VI - 150 DP - 2020 Jan TI - Variability of dinoflagellates and their associated toxins in relation with environmental drivers in Ambon Bay, eastern Indonesia. PG - 110778 LID - S0025-326X(19)30934-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110778 [doi] AB - The aim of the present work was to unravel which environmental drivers govern the dynamics of toxic dinoflagellate abundance as well as their associated paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) in Ambon Bay, Eastern Indonesia. Weather, biological and physicochemical parameters were investigated weekly over a 7-month period. Both PSTs and PTX2 were detected at low levels, yet they persisted throughout the research. Meanwhile, DSTs were absent. A strong correlation was found between total particulate PST and Gymnodinium catenatum cell abundance, implying that this species was the main producer of this toxin. PTX2 was positively correlated with Dinophysis miles cell abundance. Vertical mixing, tidal elevation and irradiance attenuation were the main environmental factors that regulated both toxins and cell abundances, while nutrients showed only weak correlations. The present study indicates that dinoflagellate toxins form a potential environmental, economic and health risk in this Eastern Indonesian bay. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Likumahua, Sem AU - Likumahua S AD - Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands; Centre for Deep Sea Research-LIPI, Jl. Y. Syaranamual Guru-guru Poka, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia.. Electronic address: s.likumahua@rug.nl. FAU - de Boer, M Karin AU - de Boer MK AD - Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands; Beta Science Shop, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands. FAU - Krock, Bernd AU - Krock B AD - Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. FAU - Hehakaya, Salomy AU - Hehakaya S AD - Centre for Deep Sea Research-LIPI, Jl. Y. Syaranamual Guru-guru Poka, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia. FAU - Imu, La AU - Imu L AD - Centre for Deep Sea Research-LIPI, Jl. Y. Syaranamual Guru-guru Poka, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia. FAU - Muller, Annegret AU - Muller A AD - Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. FAU - Max, Thomas AU - Max T AD - Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. FAU - Buma, Anita G J AU - Buma AGJ AD - Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191204 PL - England TA - Mar Pollut Bull JT - Marine pollution bulletin JID - 0260231 RN - 0 (Marine Toxins) SB - IM MH - Bays MH - *Dinoflagellida MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - Indonesia MH - *Marine Toxins MH - Shellfish OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dinophysis miles OT - Gymnodinium catenatum OT - Harmful algae OT - PSTs OT - Pectenotoxin-2 OT - Toxic dinoflagellate EDAT- 2020/01/09 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/21 06:00 CRDT- 2020/01/09 06:00 PHST- 2019/06/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/11/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/11/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/01/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/21 06:00 [medline] AID - S0025-326X(19)30934-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110778 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mar Pollut Bull. 2020 Jan;150:110778. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110778. Epub 2019 Dec 4.