PMID- 31920936
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 1664-2295 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2019
TI  - Therapeutic Applications of Cysteamine and Cystamine in Neurodegenerative and 
      Neuropsychiatric Diseases.
PG  - 1315
LID - 10.3389/fneur.2019.01315 [doi]
LID - 1315
AB  - Current medications for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases such as 
      Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), 
      and Schizophrenia mainly target disease symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent need 
      to develop novel therapeutics that can delay, halt or reverse disease 
      progression. AD, HD, PD, and schizophrenia are characterized by elevated 
      oxidative and nitrosative stress, which play a central role in pathogenesis. 
      Clinical trials utilizing antioxidants to counter disease progression have 
      largely been unsuccessful. Most antioxidants are relatively non-specific and do 
      not adequately target neuroprotective pathways. Accordingly, a search for agents 
      that restore redox balance as well as halt or reverse neuronal loss is underway. 
      The small molecules, cysteamine, the decarboxylated derivative of the amino acid 
      cysteine, and cystamine, the oxidized form of cysteamine, respectively, mitigate 
      oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulate neuroprotective pathways 
      involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Nuclear factor erythroid 
      2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Cysteamine can traverse the blood brain 
      barrier, a desirable characteristic of drugs targeting neurodegeneration. This 
      review addresses recent developments in the use of these aminothiols to counter 
      neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric deficits.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Paul and Snyder.
FAU - Paul, Bindu D
AU  - Paul BD
AD  - The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School 
      of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
FAU - Snyder, Solomon H
AU  - Snyder SH
AD  - The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School 
      of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School 
      of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University 
      School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - P50 DA044123/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20191212
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Neurol
JT  - Frontiers in neurology
JID - 101546899
PMC - PMC6920251
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BDNF
OT  - brain
OT  - cystamine
OT  - cysteamine
OT  - cysteine
OT  - neurodegeneration
OT  - neuropsychiatric disorder
OT  - redox
EDAT- 2020/01/11 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/11 06:01
PMCR- 2019/12/12
CRDT- 2020/01/11 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/11/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/01/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/01/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/12/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fneur.2019.01315 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Neurol. 2019 Dec 12;10:1315. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01315. eCollection 
      2019.