PMID- 31934657 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220412 IS - 2450-7393 (Print) IS - 2450-8608 (Electronic) IS - 2450-7393 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 4 DP - 2019 Dec TI - Proinflammatory Cytokine Changes in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cells Isolated from Pigs Infected Solely with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus or Co-infected with Swine Influenza Virus. PG - 489-495 LID - 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0063 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: The study evaluated the patterns of local innate immune response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) alone or co-infected with swine influenza virus (SIV). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on 26 seven-week-old pigs in three groups: PRRSV-infected (n = 11), PRRSV and SIV-infected (n = 11), and control (n = 4). BALF was collected post euthanasia at 2 and 4 dpi (three piglets per inoculated group) and at 21 dpi (all remaining pigs). Expression of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA was quantified in BALF cells. PRRSV RNA was quantified in BALF samples using a commercial real-time RT-PCR kit. RESULTS: The three cytokines IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-1beta presented significant expression changes in all experimental pigs. In PRRSV-infected animals IL-8 also did, but in co-infected subjects IL-6 and IL-10 were the additional upregulated cytokines. The highest number of differentially expressed genes was observed at 4 dpi, and significant differences in cytokine gene expression did not occur between the experimental groups at any other time point. The mean PRRSV load in the BALF of PRRSV-infected pigs was higher than that of co-infected pigs at each time point, having statistical significance only at 4 dpi. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that infection with PRRSV alone as well as with SIV interferes with innate and adaptive immune response in the infected host. They also showed that co-infection demonstrates additive effects on IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression levels. CI - (c) 2019 E. Czyzewska-Dors et al., published by Sciendo. FAU - Czyzewska-Dors, Ewelina AU - Czyzewska-Dors E AD - Department of Swine Diseases, Pulawy, Poland. FAU - Pomorska-Mol, Malgorzata AU - Pomorska-Mol M AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland. FAU - Dors, Arkadiusz AU - Dors A AD - Department of Swine Diseases, Pulawy, Poland. FAU - Pluta, Aneta AU - Pluta A AD - Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. FAU - Podgorska, Katarzyna AU - Podgorska K AD - Department of Swine Diseases, Pulawy, Poland. FAU - Kwit, Krzysztof AU - Kwit K AD - Department of Swine Diseases, Pulawy, Poland. FAU - Stasiak, Ewelina AU - Stasiak E AD - Department of Swine Diseases, Pulawy, Poland. FAU - Lukomska, Anna AU - Lukomska A AD - Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191024 PL - Poland TA - J Vet Res JT - Journal of veterinary research JID - 101696630 PMC - PMC6950433 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cytokines OT - local immunity OT - pigs, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus OT - swine influenza virus COIS- Conflict of Interest Conflict of Interests Statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article. EDAT- 2020/01/15 06:00 MHDA- 2020/01/15 06:01 PMCR- 2019/10/24 CRDT- 2020/01/15 06:00 PHST- 2019/02/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/09/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/01/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/01/15 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/10/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - jvetres-2019-0063 [pii] AID - 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0063 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Vet Res. 2019 Oct 24;63(4):489-495. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0063. eCollection 2019 Dec.