PMID- 31936833
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200813
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1660-3397 (Electronic)
IS  - 1660-3397 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Jan 10
TI  - Aerosolizable Marine Phycotoxins and Human Health Effects: In Vitro Support for 
      the Biogenics Hypothesis.
LID - 10.3390/md18010046 [doi]
LID - 46
AB  - Respiratory exposure to marine phycotoxins is of increasing concern. Inhalation 
      of sea spray aerosols (SSAs), during harmful Karenia brevis and Ostreopsis ovata 
      blooms induces respiratory distress among others. The biogenics hypothesis, 
      however, suggests that regular airborne exposure to natural products is health 
      promoting via a downregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) 
      pathway. Until now, little scientific evidence supported this hypothesis. The 
      current explorative in vitro study investigated both health-affecting and 
      potential health-promoting mechanisms of airborne phycotoxin exposure, by 
      analyzing cell viability effects via cytotoxicity assays and effects on the mTOR 
      pathway via western blotting. To that end, A549 and BEAS-2B lung cells were 
      exposed to increasing concentrations (ng.L(-1) - mg.L(-1)) of (1) pure 
      phycotoxins and (2) an extract of experimental aerosolized homoyessotoxin (hYTX). 
      The lowest cell viability effect concentrations were found for the examined 
      yessotoxins (YTXs). Contradictory to the other phycotoxins, these YTXs only 
      induced a partial cell viability decrease at the highest test concentrations. 
      Growth inhibition and apoptosis, both linked to mTOR pathway activity, may 
      explain these effects, as both YTXs were shown to downregulate this pathway. This 
      proof-of-principle study supports the biogenics hypothesis, as specific 
      aerosolizable marine products (e.g., YTXs) can downregulate the mTOR pathway.
FAU - Van Acker, Emmanuel
AU  - Van Acker E
AD  - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Animal 
      Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure links 
      653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
FAU - De Rijcke, Maarten
AU  - De Rijcke M
AD  - Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Ostend, 
      Belgium.
FAU - Asselman, Jana
AU  - Asselman J
AD  - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Animal 
      Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure links 
      653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
AD  - Greenbridge, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium.
FAU - Beck, Ilse M
AU  - Beck IM
AD  - Laboratory for experimental cancer research (LECR), Department for Radiation 
      Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Campus UZ, De 
      Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
AD  - Department Health Sciences, Odisee University College, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
FAU - Huysman, Steve
AU  - Huysman S
AD  - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food 
      Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Campus Merelbeke, 
      Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
FAU - Vanhaecke, Lynn
AU  - Vanhaecke L
AD  - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food 
      Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Campus Merelbeke, 
      Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
FAU - De Schamphelaere, Karel A C De
AU  - De Schamphelaere KAC
AD  - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Animal 
      Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure links 
      653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
FAU - Janssen, Colin R
AU  - Janssen CR
AD  - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Animal 
      Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure links 
      653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200110
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Mar Drugs
JT  - Marine drugs
JID - 101213729
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Marine Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Mollusk Venoms)
RN  - 0 (Oxocins)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - P6M9FM2L2G (yessotoxin)
SB  - IM
MH  - A549 Cells
MH  - Aerosols/*pharmacology/toxicity
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - *Environmental Exposure
MH  - Enzyme Activation/drug effects
MH  - Harmful Algal Bloom
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Vitro Techniques
MH  - Lung/*drug effects
MH  - Marine Toxins/*pharmacology/toxicity
MH  - Mollusk Venoms
MH  - Oxocins/pharmacology
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
PMC - PMC7024199
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - biogenics hypothesis
OT  - harmful algal blooms
OT  - mTOR pathway
OT  - oceans and human health
OT  - phycotoxins
OT  - sea spray aerosols
OT  - yessotoxins
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/01/16 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/14 06:00
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2020/01/16 06:00
PHST- 2019/11/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/01/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/01/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/01/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - md18010046 [pii]
AID - marinedrugs-18-00046 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/md18010046 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Mar Drugs. 2020 Jan 10;18(1):46. doi: 10.3390/md18010046.