PMID- 31940919
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 2
DP  - 2020 Jan 12
TI  - Post-Process Effects of Isothermal Annealing and Initially Applied Static 
      Uniaxial Loading on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Fused Filament Fabrication 
      Parts.
LID - 10.3390/ma13020352 [doi]
LID - 352
AB  - Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive 
      manufacturing (AM) techniques used to fabricate polymeric structures. However, 
      these polymeric structures suffer from an inherent deficiency of weak 
      inter-laminar tensile strength. Because of this weak inter-laminar strength, 
      these parts fail prematurely and exhibit only a fraction of the mechanical 
      properties of those fabricated using conventional means. In this paper, we study 
      the effect of thermal annealing in the presence of an initially applied static 
      uniaxial load on the ultimate tensile strength of parts fabricated using FFF. 
      Tensile specimens or dogbones were fabricated from an acrylonitrile butadiene 
      styrene (ABS) filament with a glass transition temperature (T(g)) of 105  degrees C; 
      these specimens were then isothermally annealed, post manufacture, in a fixture 
      across a given range of temperatures and static loads. Tensile testing was then 
      performed on these specimens to gauge the effect of the thermal annealing and 
      static loading on inter-laminar tensile strength by measuring the ultimate 
      tensile strength of the specimens. A design of experiments (DOE) approach was 
      followed to calculate the main and interaction effects of the two factors 
      (temperature and static loading) on the ultimate tensile strength, and an 
      analysis of variance was conducted. Cross-sectional images of the specimens were 
      studied to observe the changes in the mesostructure of the specimens that led to 
      the increase in inter-laminar strength of the parts. The results show that 
      temperature plays a dominant role in increasing the ultimate tensile strength and 
      an 89% increase in the average ultimate tensile strength was seen corresponding 
      to an annealing temperature of 160  degrees C. A change in the mesostructure of the parts 
      is seen, which is characterized by an increase in bond length and void 
      coalescence. These results can be helpful in studying the structural strength of 
      3D printed parts, and thus could eventually guide the fabrication of components 
      with strength comparable to those of conventional manufacturing techniques.
FAU - Rane, Rhugdhrivya
AU  - Rane R
AD  - Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 
      Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
FAU - Kulkarni, Akhilesh
AU  - Kulkarni A
AD  - Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 
      Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
FAU - Prajapati, Hardikkumar
AU  - Prajapati H
AD  - Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 
      Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
FAU - Taylor, Robert
AU  - Taylor R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6464-8143
AD  - Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 
      Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
FAU - Jain, Ankur
AU  - Jain A
AD  - Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 
      Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
FAU - Chen, Victoria
AU  - Chen V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0033-7864
AD  - Industrial, Manufacturing, & Systems Engineering, University of Texas at 
      Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200112
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC7014110
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - additive manufacturing
OT  - fused deposition modelling
OT  - interface healing
OT  - post processing
OT  - thermal annealing
OT  - ultimate tensile strength
OT  - uniaxial loading
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/01/17 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/17 06:01
PMCR- 2020/01/12
CRDT- 2020/01/17 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/11/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/12/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/01/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/01/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma13020352 [pii]
AID - materials-13-00352 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma13020352 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2020 Jan 12;13(2):352. doi: 10.3390/ma13020352.