PMID- 31952271
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201026
LR  - 20231113
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 2
DP  - 2020 Jan 15
TI  - Systematic Detection and Identification of Bioactive Ingredients from Citrus 
      aurantium L. var. amara Using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined with a Screening Method.
LID - 10.3390/molecules25020357 [doi]
LID - 357
AB  - Bitter orange, Citrus aurantium L. var. amara (CAVA), is an important crop and 
      its flowers and fruits are widely used in China as a food spice, as well as in 
      traditional Chinese medicine, due to its health-promoting properties. The 
      secondary metabolites that are present in plant-derived foods or medicines are, 
      in part, responsible for the health benefits and desirable flavor profiles. 
      Nevertheless, detailed information about the bioactive ingredients in CAVA is 
      scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the phytochemicals of CAVA 
      by high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass 
      spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Here, a systematic screening method combined with 
      HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was presented. This technique was used to systematically screen 
      metabolites, primarily from the complex matrix of CAVA, and to identify these 
      compounds by their exact masses, characteristic fragment ions, and fragmentation 
      behaviors. A total of 295 metabolites were screened by the screening method and 
      89 phytochemicals were identified in the flowers, fruits, roots, leaves, and 
      branches of CAVA. For the first time, 69 phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, 
      terpenoids, etc.) were reported from CAVA. The results highlight the importance 
      of CAVA as a source of secondary metabolites in the food, medicine, and 
      nutraceutical industries.
FAU - Yu, Liuyi
AU  - Yu L
AD  - Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food 
      Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Miaofen
AU  - Chen M
AD  - Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food 
      Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
FAU - Liu, Jinghong
AU  - Liu J
AD  - Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food 
      Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
FAU - Huang, Xiuqiong
AU  - Huang X
AD  - Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food 
      Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
FAU - He, Wei
AU  - He W
AD  - Green Melody Bio-engineering Group Company Limited, Changsha 410329, China.
FAU - Qing, Zhixing
AU  - Qing Z
AD  - Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food 
      Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
FAU - Zeng, Jianguo
AU  - Zeng J
AD  - Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food 
      Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200115
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Flavonoids)
RN  - 0 (Phytochemicals)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/*methods
MH  - Citrus/*metabolism
MH  - Flavonoids/analysis/*metabolism
MH  - High-Throughput Screening Assays/*methods
MH  - Mass Spectrometry/*methods
MH  - Phytochemicals/analysis/*metabolism
MH  - Plant Extracts/analysis/*metabolism
PMC - PMC7024317
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Citrus aurantium L. var. amara
OT  - HPLC-Q-TOF-MS
OT  - alkaloids
OT  - flavonoids
OT  - metabolites
OT  - screening method
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/01/19 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/27 06:00
PMCR- 2020/01/15
CRDT- 2020/01/19 06:00
PHST- 2019/12/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/01/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/01/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/01/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules25020357 [pii]
AID - molecules-25-00357 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules25020357 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2020 Jan 15;25(2):357. doi: 10.3390/molecules25020357.