PMID- 31954122 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201201 LR - 20201201 IS - 1879-0003 (Electronic) IS - 0141-8130 (Linking) VI - 148 DP - 2020 Apr 1 TI - Chitin extraction from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) shells by successive two-step fermentation with Lactobacillus rhamnoides and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. PG - 424-433 LID - S0141-8130(19)39715-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.124 [doi] AB - Chitin was extracted from shrimp shells powders (SSP) by successive two-step fermentation. The best microorganisms Lactobacillus rhamnoides and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA01) for demineralization (DM) and deproteinization (DP) were obtained and the optimal fermentation conditions for two-step fermentation were established. Firstly, we determined the cultured conditions (inoculum level 4%, initial pH 6.5, cultured temperature 37 degrees C, glucose concentration 5%, cultured time 48 h) of Lactobacillus rhamnoides and the organic acid quantities and types of fermentation broth of Lactobacillus rhamnoides. Under the conditions, the pH of fermentation broth was 3.4, the DM efficiency was 97.5% and the ash in the final residue was 1.2%, and the main organic acid was lactic acid. Secondly, the optimal cultured conditions of BA01 were inoculum level 6%, initial pH 6.5, cultured temperature 37 degrees C, glucose concentration 4%, and cultured time 84 h. Under the conditions, the protease activity of fermentation broth was 701.3 U/mL, the DP efficiency was 96.8%, the protein in the final residue was 1.5%, and the chitin yield was 19.6%. In addition, the chitin obtained by fermentation was compared with the commercial chitin using scanning Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Solid-state (13)C CP/MAS-NMR spectra, and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed the chitin obtained by fermentation maintains the excellent physicochemical and structural properties of commercial chitin. Moreover, in order to make full use of shrimp and crab shells resources, the amino acid composition of fermentation broth was detected. The results showed that the fermentation broth had high nutritional value and could be used as a health nutrient in animal feed, even food. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Liu, Yongliang AU - Liu Y AD - Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. FAU - Xing, Ronge AU - Xing R AD - Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. Electronic address: xingronge@qdio.ac.cn. FAU - Yang, Haoyue AU - Yang H AD - Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. FAU - Liu, Song AU - Liu S AD - Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. FAU - Qin, Yukun AU - Qin Y AD - Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. FAU - Li, Kecheng AU - Li K AD - Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. FAU - Yu, Huahua AU - Yu H AD - Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. FAU - Li, Pengcheng AU - Li P AD - Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China. Electronic address: pcli@qdio.ac.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200115 PL - Netherlands TA - Int J Biol Macromol JT - International journal of biological macromolecules JID - 7909578 RN - 0 (Amino Acids) RN - 0 (Powders) RN - 1398-61-4 (Chitin) SB - IM MH - Amino Acids/metabolism MH - Animal Shells/*chemistry MH - Animals MH - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/*metabolism MH - Chitin/*isolation & purification/*metabolism MH - *Fermentation MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Lactobacillus/*metabolism MH - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MH - Penaeidae/*chemistry MH - Powders MH - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared MH - Thermogravimetry MH - X-Ray Diffraction OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OT - Chitin OT - Lactobacillus rhamnoides OT - Shrimp shells OT - Two-step fermentation EDAT- 2020/01/19 06:00 MHDA- 2020/12/02 06:00 CRDT- 2020/01/19 06:00 PHST- 2019/11/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/01/13 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/01/13 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/01/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/12/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/01/19 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0141-8130(19)39715-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.124 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Apr 1;148:424-433. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.124. Epub 2020 Jan 15.