PMID- 31959596
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201019
LR  - 20201019
IS  - 1468-2044 (Electronic)
IS  - 0003-9888 (Linking)
VI  - 105
IP  - 7
DP  - 2020 Jul
TI  - Clinical features and aetiology of cerebral palsy in children from Cross River 
      State, Nigeria.
PG  - 625-630
LID - 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317932 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: There are few studies on cerebral palsy (CP) in African children and 
      our study aimed to describe the aetiology, characteristics and severity of CP in 
      children from Nigeria. DESIGN: A population-based study using key informant 
      methodology (KIM) was conducted as part of a clinical research trial. Children 
      aged 4-15 years were clinically assessed for CP. RESULTS: The estimated 
      prevalence of CP using KIM was 2.3/1000 children (95% CI 2.0 to 2.5/1000). 388 
      children were diagnosed with CP, with Gross Motor Function Classification System 
      level 1 in 70 (18.1%), II in 156 (40.2%), III in 54 (13.9%), IV in 54 (13.9%), V 
      in 54 (13.9%). 300/388 (77.3%) had Manual Ability Classification Scale of level 
      1-3 and 88 (22.7%) of level 4-5. CP types were spastic in 271 (70%), with 60% of 
      these bilateral and 40% unilateral, ataxic 38 (9.8%), dystonic 18 (4.6%), 
      choreoathetoid 29 (7.5%) and unclassifiable 32 (8.3%). Postneonatal risk factors 
      for CP were seen in 140 (36.1%) children including malaria with seizures 101/140 
      (72.1%), malaria with coma 21/140 (15.0%), meningitis 12/140 (8.6%), tuberculosis 
      2/140 (1.4%), sickle cell disease 3/140 (2.2%), HIV 1/221 (0.7%). 
      Prenatal/perinatal risk factors were seen in 248 (63.9%%), birth asphyxia 118 
      (47.6%) and clinical congenital rubella syndrome 8 (3.3%) and hyperbilirubinaemia 
      59 (23.8%) were identified as preventable risk factors for CP. CONCLUSION: The 
      profile of CP in this population is similar to that found in other low-income and 
      middle-income countries (LMIC). Some risk factors identified were preventable. 
      Prevention and management strategies for CP designed for LMIC are needed.
CI  - (c) Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and 
      permissions. Published by BMJ.
FAU - Duke, Roseline
AU  - Duke R
AD  - International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical 
      Medicine, London, United Kingdom Roseline.Duke@lshtm.ac.uk.
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Calabar Children's Eye Centre, University of Calabar 
      Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
FAU - Torty, Chimaeze
AU  - Torty C
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Nwachukwu, Kennedy
AU  - Nwachukwu K
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Calabar Children's Eye Centre, University of Calabar 
      Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
FAU - Ameh, Soter
AU  - Ameh S
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, 
      Calabar, Nigeria.
FAU - Kim, Min
AU  - Kim M
AD  - International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical 
      Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
FAU - Eneli, Nnena
AU  - Eneli N
AD  - Department of Physiotherapy, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Onyedikachi, Ani
AU  - Onyedikachi A
AD  - Department of Physiotherapy, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Aghaji, Ada
AU  - Aghaji A
AD  - International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical 
      Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
FAU - Burton, Kathryn
AU  - Burton K
AD  - Cambridge Community Services, Cambridge, UK.
FAU - Dyet, Leigh
AU  - Dyet L
AD  - Neonatology, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Bowman, Richard
AU  - Bowman R
AD  - International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical 
      Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200120
PL  - England
TA  - Arch Dis Child
JT  - Archives of disease in childhood
JID - 0372434
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Birth Injuries/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Cerebral Palsy/classification/*epidemiology/*etiology
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Developing Countries/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Female
MH  - HIV Infections/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperbilirubinemia/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Malaria/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Meningitis/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Nigeria/epidemiology
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Tuberculosis/complications/epidemiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - aetiology
OT  - cerebral palsy
OT  - children
OT  - profile
COIS- Competing interests: None declared.
EDAT- 2020/01/22 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/21 06:00
CRDT- 2020/01/22 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/12/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/12/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/01/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/22 06:00 [entrez]
AID - archdischild-2019-317932 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317932 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Dis Child. 2020 Jul;105(7):625-630. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317932. 
      Epub 2020 Jan 20.