PMID- 32006025
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210428
LR  - 20210428
IS  - 1537-6591 (Electronic)
IS  - 1058-4838 (Linking)
VI  - 72
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Feb 16
TI  - First Report of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis Infection in Australia Causing 
      Persistent Fever in an Animal Carer.
PG  - 634-640
LID - 10.1093/cid/ciaa089 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) infect animals and humans and 
      can lead to clinical syndromes mainly characterized by hemolytic anemia. A novel 
      pathogen, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis, was recently associated with a case 
      of human hemoplasmosis in Europe. Here we report the first detection of this 
      pathogen in an Australian patient exhibiting persistent fever, hemolytic anemia, 
      and pancytopenia over a 10-month period. METHODS: After exhaustive negative 
      testing for human infectious diseases, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was 
      performed on the patient's bone marrow aspirate, using an Illumina NextSeq500 
      platform. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by Sanger 
      sequencing, was then performed on blood samples using novel Mycoplasma-specific 
      primers targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. In addition, a Mycoplasma-specific 
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed to differentiate 
      Mycoplasma cells from other erythrocyte inclusions (eg, Pappenheimer and 
      Howell-Jolly bodies) which are morphologically similar to bacterial cocci by 
      light microscopy. RESULTS: WGS analysis revealed that approximately 0.04% of the 
      total number of unmapped reads to human genome corresponded to Mycoplasma 
      species. A 1-kb Mycoplasma 16S fragment was successfully amplified by 
      conventional PCR, and sequence analyses revealed 100% identity with Candidatus 
      Mycoplasma haemohominis. FISH confirmed that several (approximately 2%) 
      epierythrocytic inclusions initially observed by light microscopy corresponded to 
      Mycoplasma cells. CONCLUSIONS: This represents the second report of hemolytic 
      anemia associated with hemoplasma infection in a human, and the first report of 
      human hemoplasmosis in Australia. This study highlights the importance of new and 
      emerging diagnostic approaches and need for further investigations on the 
      epidemiology of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis in Australia.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious 
      Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: 
      journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Alcorn, Kylie
AU  - Alcorn K
AD  - Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gold Coast Health Service, Gold 
      Coast, Australia.
FAU - Gerrard, John
AU  - Gerrard J
AD  - Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gold Coast Health Service, Gold 
      Coast, Australia.
FAU - Cochrane, Tara
AU  - Cochrane T
AD  - Department of Haematology, Gold Coast University Hospital and Griffiths 
      University, Gold Coast, Australia.
FAU - Graham, Rikki
AU  - Graham R
AD  - Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland 
      Department of Health, Brisbane, Australia.
FAU - Jennison, Amy
AU  - Jennison A
AD  - Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland 
      Department of Health, Brisbane, Australia.
FAU - Irwin, Peter J
AU  - Irwin PJ
AD  - Vector- and Water-Borne Pathogens Research Group, College of Science, Health, 
      Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
FAU - Barbosa, Amanda D
AU  - Barbosa AD
AD  - Vector- and Water-Borne Pathogens Research Group, College of Science, Health, 
      Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
AD  - CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Infect Dis
JT  - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases 
      Society of America
JID - 9203213
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
CIN - Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Feb 16;72(4):641-642. PMID: 31999827
MH  - Animals
MH  - Australia
MH  - Caregivers
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Europe
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - *Mycoplasma/genetics
MH  - *Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis/veterinary
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Mycoplasma
OT  - PUO
OT  - hemolytic anemia
OT  - pyrexia of unknown origin
EDAT- 2020/02/02 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/29 06:00
CRDT- 2020/02/02 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 5719544 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/cid/ciaa089 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Feb 16;72(4):634-640. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa089.