PMID- 32006764
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200911
LR  - 20200911
IS  - 1096-0953 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 183
DP  - 2020 Apr
TI  - Interspecies comparison of the residue levels and profiles of persistent organic 
      pollutants in terrestrial top predators.
PG  - 109187
LID - S0013-9351(20)30079-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109187 [doi]
AB  - Serum samples from three species of living terrestrial top predators were 
      analysed for six groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as 
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its 
      metabolites (DDTs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers 
      (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The 
      study included three carnivore species: lion (Panthera leo), hyena (Hyena 
      brunnea) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). All samples were collected from healthy 
      living animals between 2004 and 2005. Most of the samples (wild lions (n = 50) 
      and hyenas (n = 11)) were collected from various locations within the Kruger 
      National Park and Addo National Park (South Africa), while captive lions (n = 6) 
      and cheetahs (n = 3) were collected from the Antwerp Zoo (Belgium). In general, 
      relatively low levels of POPs were found in the studied species, varying widely 
      within species and locations. Median concentrations of POPs were higher in 
      captive lions (PCBs: 505 pg/mL; DDTs: 270 pg/mL; HCHs: 72 pg/mL; HCB: 34 pg/mL; 
      CHLs: 24 pg/mL; PBDEs: 8 pg/mL) compared to wild lions (DDTs: 274 pg/mL; HCHs: 
      44 pg/mL; CHLs: 7.9 pg/mL; PCBs: 2.1 pg/mL; HCB: < LOQ; PBDEs: < LOQ). In the 
      wild animals, POPs accumulated in the following order: 
      DDTs > HCHs > CHLs > HCB > PCBs > PBDEs, while in the captive animals, the order 
      was: PCBs > DDTs > CHLs > HCHs > HCB > PBDEs, suggesting differences in the diet 
      of these animals. Furthermore, wild hyena contained significantly higher 
      (p < 0.05) median levels of POPs compared to wild lions, possibly reflecting 
      differences in metabolic capacity and/or feeding habits, together with an uneven 
      distribution of POPs in the area where the animals lived. No previous data are 
      available to compare for similar terrestrial top predators, such as lion, hyena 
      and cheetah. To our knowledge, this is first study on POPs in these three 
      species. The low POP levels found in this study were several orders of magnitude 
      lower than those for other carnivore species, such as polar bears, grizzly bears, 
      brown bears and wolves worldwide. The present study has revealed the need for 
      expanding research and monitoring on occurrence, levels and disposition of POPs 
      in the top predators of the terrestrial environment.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Malarvannan, Govindan
AU  - Malarvannan G
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium. Electronic address: malarvannan.govindan@uantwerpen.be.
FAU - Poma, Giulia
AU  - Poma G
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium.
FAU - Covaci, Adrian
AU  - Covaci A
AD  - Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 
      Belgium. Electronic address: adrian.covaci@uantwerpen.be.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200125
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Res
JT  - Environmental research
JID - 0147621
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Belgium
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants
MH  - *Food Chain
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
MH  - *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls
MH  - South Africa
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cheetah
OT  - Hyena
OT  - Lion
OT  - POPs
OT  - South Africa
OT  - Terrestrial top predators
COIS- Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and 
      personal relationships with other people or organisations that can 
      inappropriately influence our work; there is no professional or other personal 
      interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could 
      be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the 
      manuscript entitled.
EDAT- 2020/02/02 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/12 06:00
CRDT- 2020/02/02 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/01/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0013-9351(20)30079-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109187 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Res. 2020 Apr;183:109187. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109187. Epub 2020 
      Jan 25.