PMID- 32007891
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200403
LR  - 20200403
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 715
DP  - 2020 May 1
TI  - Identification and quantification of selected plastics in biosolids by 
      pressurized liquid extraction combined with double-shot pyrolysis gas 
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PG  - 136924
LID - S0048-9697(20)30434-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136924 [doi]
AB  - The identification and quantification of selected plastics (polystyrene (PS), 
      polycarbonate (PC), poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), 
      polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) 
      in biosolids (treated sewage sludge) was performed by pressurized liquid 
      extraction (PLE) combined with double-shot pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass 
      spectrometry. Validation of the method yielded recoveries of between 85 and 128% 
      (mean RSD 11%) at a linear range of between 0.01 and 2 mug. The distribution of 
      plastics within 25 biosolid samples from a single wastewater treatment plant in 
      Australia was assessed. The mass concentration of PE, PVC, PP, PS and PMMA was 
      between 0.1 and 4.1 mg/g dry weight (dw) across all samples, with a total plastic 
      concentration Ʃ(Plastics) of between 2.8 and 6.6 mg/g dw (median = 4.1 mg/g dw). 
      PE was the predominant plastic detected (mean concentration of 2.2 mg/g dw), 
      contributing to 50% of the total of all plastics. Overall, this study 
      demonstrates that pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with double-shot 
      pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry can be used to identify and 
      quantify PE, PP, PVC, PS, and PMMA in biosolids.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Okoffo, Elvis D
AU  - Okoffo ED
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia. Electronic 
      address: e.okoffo@uq.edu.au.
FAU - Ribeiro, Francisca
AU  - Ribeiro F
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; College of 
      Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD Exeter, UK.
FAU - O'Brien, Jake W
AU  - O'Brien JW
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
FAU - O'Brien, Stacey
AU  - O'Brien S
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
FAU - Tscharke, Benjamin J
AU  - Tscharke BJ
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
FAU - Gallen, Michael
AU  - Gallen M
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
FAU - Samanipour, Saer
AU  - Samanipour S
AD  - Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0349 Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Mueller, Jochen F
AU  - Mueller JF
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
FAU - Thomas, Kevin V
AU  - Thomas KV
AD  - Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of 
      Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200124
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Biosolids)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
SB  - IM
MH  - Australia
MH  - Biosolids
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Plastics/*analysis
MH  - Pyrolysis
MH  - Sewage
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biosolids
OT  - Double-shot Pyr-GC/MS
OT  - Plastics
OT  - Pressurized liquid extraction
OT  - Quantification
OT  - Sewage sludge
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/02/03 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/04 06:00
CRDT- 2020/02/03 06:00
PHST- 2019/12/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/01/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/03 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(20)30434-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136924 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 1;715:136924. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136924. 
      Epub 2020 Jan 24.