PMID- 32008931
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200505
LR  - 20200505
IS  - 1532-2165 (Electronic)
IS  - 1078-5884 (Linking)
VI  - 59
IP  - 4
DP  - 2020 Apr
TI  - Infrared Illumination and Subcutaneous Venous Network: Can it be of Help for the 
      Study of CEAP C(1) Limbs?
PG  - 625-634
LID - S1078-5884(19)32631-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.11.034 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The subcutaneous venous network (SVN) is difficult to see with the 
      naked eye. Near infrared illumination (NIr-I) claims to improve this. The aims of 
      this observational study were to investigate whether there are differences 
      between the different methods; to quantify the length and diameter of SVNs; and 
      to confirm if they differ between C(0A) and C(1) CEAP limbs. METHODS: In total, 4 
      796 images, half of them from the visible spectrum (VS) and the other half from 
      the nearninfrared spectrum (NIrS), belonging to 109 females (C(0A): n = 50; C(1) 
      CEAP: n = 59) were used to establish the morphological characteristics of the SVN 
      by visual analysis. With Photoshop CS4, SVN diameters and lengths were obtained 
      by digital analysis of 3 052 images, once the images of whole extremities were 
      excluded. RESULTS: On NIr-I, the diameters, trajectories, and colouration of SVNs 
      of C(1) limbs appeared more irregular than SVNs of C(0A) limbs. Compared with the 
      VS images, NIr-I allowed visualisation of a greater length of the SVN in both 
      groups (p < .010). This capacity varied from 2.6 +/- 0.9 times (C(1)) to 
      16.2 +/- 11.9 (C(0A)). While the SVN length seen in the VS images from C(1) limbs 
      was greater than observed in C(0A) limbs (p < .001), differences between NIr-I 
      images only existed in the lateral part of the lower leg (p = .016). With NIr-I, 
      the median diameter of the C(1) CEAP SVN veins was 5.8 mm (interquartile range 
      [IQR] 4.3-7.5 mm), while the median diameter in C(0A) SVN limbs was 2.6 mm (IQR 
      2.0-3.6 mm) (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The NIr-I reveals the characteristics of the 
      SVN better than the naked eye. Further studies are required to determine the 
      significance of the changes in the SVN in C(0A) and C(1) limbs, and the factors 
      causing them.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier 
      B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ortega-Santana, Francisco
AU  - Ortega-Santana F
AD  - Department of Morphology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edificio 
      Ciencias de la Salud, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; CliniVar, Clinica de 
      Varices, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. Electronic address: 
      francisco.ortega@ulpgc.es.
FAU - Hernandez-Morera, Pablo
AU  - Hernandez-Morera P
AD  - IUMA Information and Communication Systems, University of Las Palmas de Gran 
      Canaria, Edificio Electronica y Telecomunicacion, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 
      Spain.
FAU - Ruano-Ferrer, Fatima
AU  - Ruano-Ferrer F
AD  - CliniVar, Clinica de Varices, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
FAU - Ortega-Centol, Aritz
AU  - Ortega-Centol A
AD  - CliniVar, Clinica de Varices, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Universitary 
      Hospital of Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200131
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg
JT  - European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of 
      the European Society for Vascular Surgery
JID - 9512728
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Blood Flow Velocity/physiology
MH  - Extremities/*blood supply/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Regional Blood Flow/physiology
MH  - Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex/methods
MH  - Varicose Veins/*diagnostic imaging/surgery
MH  - Veins/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Venous Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging/*surgery
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - C(0A) limbs
OT  - C(1) limbs
OT  - Near-infrared illumination
OT  - Subcutaneous veins visualisation
EDAT- 2020/02/06 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/06 06:00
CRDT- 2020/02/04 06:00
PHST- 2019/04/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/10/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/11/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1078-5884(19)32631-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.11.034 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2020 Apr;59(4):625-634. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.11.034. Epub 2020 Jan 31.