PMID- 32020179
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200813
LR  - 20200813
IS  - 1945-2403 (Electronic)
IS  - 0146-4760 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 5
DP  - 2020 Apr 2
TI  - A Retrospective of Prevalence of Drugs of Abuse by Hair Analysis in Shanghai 
      using LC-MS-MS.
PG  - 482-489
LID - 10.1093/jat/bkaa007 [doi]
AB  - This study presents a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of drug abuse in 
      Shanghai by hair analysis. Files and toxicology analysis results of a total of 
      5,610 cases requesting for hair analysis of abused drugs at the Academy of 
      Forensic Science (AFS) in Shanghai over 12 months between August 2018 and July 
      2019 were reviewed. All cases of drug abuse identified by hair analysis were from 
      the public security organs in Shanghai, China. Hair samples were analyzed for 
      drugs of abuse and related metabolites, mainly including amphetamine (AMP), 
      methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 
      3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), ketamine (K), 
      norketamine (NK), cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, 
      flunitrazepam, and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), using liquid 
      chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Among the 5,610 cases, 1,713 
      (30.5%) were positive for drugs of abuse, with amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) 
      (57%), including amphetamines (AMP and MA) (48%), MDMA and MDA (9%), being the 
      most frequently detected drugs, followed by THC (14%), COC (8%), 5-MeO-DIPT (8%), 
      and K (7%). The majority (75%) of positive hair samples were from male subjects. 
      Overall, 77% of abusers were younger than 44 years old. The proportion of female 
      subjects (22.3%) under 24 years was larger than that of male subjects (7.8%). 
      There were 132 cases (7.7%) in which more than one type of drug was detected 
      among 1,713 drug-positive cases. The most common combination was MDMA and K. The 
      present study characterizes the current toxicological profile of drug abuse cases 
      and provides a scientific basis for drug abuse prevention. Moreover, the hair 
      concentration distributions of the commonly abused drugs in positive cases have 
      been reported.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. 
      For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Wang, Xin
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Cui, Jingjing
AU  - Cui J
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
FAU - Zhuo, Yue
AU  - Zhuo Y
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
AD  - Institute of Forensic Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
FAU - Shen, Baohua
AU  - Shen B
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Zhang, Sujing
AU  - Zhang S
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Liu, Wei
AU  - Liu W
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Shen, Min
AU  - Shen M
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Xiang, Ping
AU  - Xiang P
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 
      Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J Anal Toxicol
JT  - Journal of analytical toxicology
JID - 7705085
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Morphine Derivatives)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 4764-17-4 (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - 5353I8I6YS (benzoylecgonine)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - M5E47P1ZCH (6-O-monoacetylmorphine)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamines
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants
MH  - China/epidemiology
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Cocaine/analogs & derivatives
MH  - Female
MH  - Hair/chemistry
MH  - *Hair Analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs
MH  - Male
MH  - Methamphetamine
MH  - Morphine Derivatives
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*methods
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
EDAT- 2020/02/06 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/14 06:00
CRDT- 2020/02/06 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/12/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/12/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/06 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 5722306 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/jat/bkaa007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Anal Toxicol. 2020 Apr 2;44(5):482-489. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkaa007.