PMID- 32024779
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200928
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 94
IP  - 8
DP  - 2020 Mar 31
TI  - A Mutualistic Poxvirus Exhibits Convergent Evolution with Other Heritable Viruses 
      in Parasitoid Wasps.
LID - 10.1128/JVI.02059-19 [doi]
LID - e02059-19
AB  - For insects known as parasitoid wasps, successful development as a parasite 
      results in the death of the host insect. As a result of this lethal interaction, 
      wasps and their hosts have coevolved strategies to gain an advantage in this 
      evolutionary arms race. Although normally considered to be strict pathogens, some 
      viruses have established persistent infections within parasitoid wasp lineages 
      and are beneficial to wasps during parasitism. Heritable associations between 
      viruses and parasitoid wasps have evolved independently multiple times, but most 
      of these systems remain largely understudied with respect to viral origin, 
      transmission and replication strategies of the virus, and interactions between 
      the virus and host insects. Here, we report a detailed characterization of 
      Diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus (DlEPV), a poxvirus found within the 
      venom gland of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata wasps. Our results show that DlEPV 
      exhibits similar but distinct transmission and replication dynamics compared to 
      those of other parasitoid viral elements, including vertical transmission of the 
      virus within wasps, as well as virus replication in both female wasps and fruit 
      fly hosts. Functional assays demonstrate that DlEPV is highly virulent within fly 
      hosts, and wasps without DlEPV have severely reduced parasitism success compared 
      to those with a typical viral load. Taken together, the data presented in this 
      study illustrate a novel case of beneficial virus evolution, in which a virus of 
      unique origin has undergone convergent evolution with other viral elements 
      associated with parasitoid wasps to provide an analogous function throughout 
      parasitism.IMPORTANCE Viruses are generally considered to be disease-causing 
      agents, but several instances of beneficial viral elements have been identified 
      in insects called parasitoid wasps. These virus-derived entities are passed on 
      through wasp generations and enhance the success of the wasps' parasitic life 
      cycle. Many parasitoid-virus partnerships studied to date exhibit common features 
      among independent cases of this phenomenon, including a mother-to-offspring route 
      of virus transmission, a restricted time and location for virus replication, and 
      a positive effect of virus activity on wasp survival. Our characterization of 
      Diachasmimorpha longicaudata entomopoxvirus (DlEPV), a poxvirus found in 
      Diachasmimorpha longicaudata parasitoid wasps, represents a novel example of 
      beneficial virus evolution. Here, we show that DlEPV exhibits functional 
      similarities to known parasitoid viral elements that support its comparable role 
      during parasitism. Our results also demonstrate unique differences that suggest 
      DlEPV is more autonomous than other long-term viral associations described in 
      parasitoid wasps.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 American Society for Microbiology.
FAU - Coffman, Kelsey A
AU  - Coffman KA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7609-6286
AD  - Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA 
      kcoffman@uga.edu.
FAU - Harrell, Taylor C
AU  - Harrell TC
AD  - Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
FAU - Burke, Gaelen R
AU  - Burke GR
AD  - Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20200331
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Wasp Venoms)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Evolution
MH  - Entomopoxvirinae/genetics/physiology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Genome, Viral
MH  - Host Microbial Interactions/*physiology
MH  - Poxviridae/genetics/*physiology
MH  - RNA Interference
MH  - *Symbiosis
MH  - Virus Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Virus Replication
MH  - Viruses
MH  - Wasp Venoms
MH  - Wasps/*virology
PMC - PMC7108835
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DNA virus
OT  - endogenous viral elements
OT  - evolution
OT  - parasitism
OT  - parasitoid wasp
OT  - poxvirus
OT  - symbiosis
EDAT- 2020/02/07 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/29 06:00
PMCR- 2020/09/30
CRDT- 2020/02/07 06:00
PHST- 2019/12/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JVI.02059-19 [pii]
AID - 02059-19 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.02059-19 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Virol. 2020 Mar 31;94(8):e02059-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02059-19. Print 2020 Mar 
      31.