PMID- 32030150
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220412
IS  - 2052-336X (Print)
IS  - 2052-336X (Electronic)
VI  - 17
IP  - 2
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - Using of indigenous bulking agents (IBAs) in complementary stabilization and 
      enhancing of dewatered sludge class B to class a on a full scale.
PG  - 767-777
LID - 10.1007/s40201-019-00393-8 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Different bulking agents are used in the compost of dewatered sludge 
      (DWS). The aim of this study has been using of indigenous bulking agents (IBA(s)) 
      in the enhancing of the DWS class of municipal wastewater from class B to class A 
      and complementary stabilization of it for production of green manure in Sari 
      city, Iran. METHODS: Three IBAs including the Saccharum Wastes (SW), Citrus 
      Purning Wastes (CPW) and Phragmites Australis (PA) from eight IBAs were selected 
      to be compared with the sawdust (SD) that was as a control bulking agent. Five 
      turned windrow piles were constructed on a full scale and on base of optimal C/N 
      equal 25.All experiments were performed on the base of the standard methods on 
      initial mix and final compost. RESULTS: Among five windrow piles, P5 was been the 
      best pile with a weighting ratio of DWS to IBAs (DWS: SW: CPW: PA) equal 1: 0.2: 
      0.24: 0.28. Pile P1 with weighting ratio DWS: SW equal 1: 0.6, Pile P3 with 
      weighting ratio DWS: PA equal 1: 0.84, Pile P2 with weighting ratio DWS: CPW 
      equal 1: 0.73 and Pile P4 with weighting ratio DWS: SD equal 1: 0.57 were placed 
      in the next rounds. The results showed that the class of DWS enhanced to Class A 
      for about 80 to 97 days and complementary stabilization of DWS by IBAs was done 
      well and produced green manure in term of organic matter, potassium, germination 
      index, PH, C/N and electrical conductivity had reached to the Grade 1 of Iran's 
      manure 10716 standard and in term of phosphorus and moisture had reached to the 
      Grade 2 of this standard. Also heavy metals were below the maximum permissible of 
      standards. CONCLUSION: Using of IBAs, had a higher efficiency than the control 
      bulking agent (sawdust) in enhancing sludge class and its stabilization, so that 
      using of them in combination (mix of IBA(s)) had the highest efficiency and 
      respectively, Saccharum Wastes (SW), Phragmites Australis (PA), Citrus pruning 
      wastes (CPW) were placed in the next round, and sawdust was placed after them. By 
      adding suitable IBA(S,) with an optimal ratio in turned windrow method, the class 
      of DWS of sari WWTP enhanced to Class A and complementary stabilization of DWS 
      has been well done and the produced green manure has been reached to agricultural 
      standards and can be safely used in agriculture.
CI  - (c) Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.
FAU - Aghili, Seyed Mostafa
AU  - Aghili SM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4827-4305
AD  - 1School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 
      Iran. GRID: grid.46072.37. ISNI: 0000 0004 0612 7950
FAU - Mehrdadi, Nasser
AU  - Mehrdadi N
AD  - 1School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 
      Iran. GRID: grid.46072.37. ISNI: 0000 0004 0612 7950
FAU - Aminzadeh, Behnoush
AU  - Aminzadeh B
AD  - 1School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 
      Iran. GRID: grid.46072.37. ISNI: 0000 0004 0612 7950
FAU - Zazouli, Mohammad Ali
AU  - Zazouli MA
AD  - 2Department of Environmental Health Engineerig, School of Health, Medical Science 
      University of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran. GRID: grid.411622.2. ISNI: 0000 0000 9618 
      7703
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190718
PL  - England
TA  - J Environ Health Sci Eng
JT  - Journal of environmental health science & engineering
JID - 101613643
PMC - PMC6985304
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Class A
OT  - Enhancing of dewatered sludge class
OT  - Full scale
OT  - Green manure
OT  - Indigenous bulking agents (IBAs)
COIS- Conflict of interestThe authors would like to declare that there is no conflict 
      of interest with this research and in the publication.
EDAT- 2020/02/08 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/08 06:01
PMCR- 2020/07/18
CRDT- 2020/02/08 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/02/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 393 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s40201-019-00393-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2019 Jul 18;17(2):767-777. doi: 
      10.1007/s40201-019-00393-8. eCollection 2019 Dec.